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提要本文从能量和有关作物生产的生物动能学角度对小麦生产力(籽粒产量/公顷)进行了研究.本研究有助于更好地了解作物生产力,同时也有助于分离出那些内在的,可用遗传手段处理的抑制因素.可用地上部分生物能量较高,能量能更好地分配进入籽粒来区分原始栽培小麦和他们的野生近缘植物.Rht基因的作用提高了小麦籽粒产量(GY)潜力,同时也改善了植物能量分配的有效性(指收获指数HI).HI较高而生物学产量(BY)不降低,在收获时能增加(1)作物地上部分的能量;(2)籽粒中氮、磷含量;(3)作物对肥力的要求.从生物动能角度考虑,通过改善HI来提高籽粒产量是对光合和养分的吸收要求增量最小的一个途径.其他增加生产力的育种方法如:(1)不改变HI而同时增加GY和BY;(2)同时增加BY,GY和HI;(3)增加BY和GY而降低HI.然而,以上三个方法对光合产物和肥料需要的消费要更大些.因此,除非大大改进肥料利用率,期望通过遗传手段增加小麦生产力但不增施肥料是行不通的.增施化肥和培育耐肥基因型似乎成为目前唯一可行的方法.但这会很快开始停滞不前或一段时期收益和投资不相当的局面.本文从能量输出、栽培需要和与之相关联的生物动能学角度鉴定了小麦的生产力(籽粒重/公顷).也证明了限制小麦生产力增长的因素.
Abstract This paper studies wheat productivity (grain yield per hectare) from the perspective of bioenergetics of energy and crop-related production.The study helps to better understand crop productivity and also helps to isolate those inherent, available genetic Inhibition of treatment means that the upper bioenergetic energy can be better allocated to the grain to distinguish between the original cultivated wheat and their wild relatives The role of the Rht gene increases the potential for wheat grain yield (GY) (Also referred to as harvest index HI) .HI is high and biological yield (BY) is not reduced, and (1) the energy of aerial parts of crops is increased at harvest; (2) the nitrogen, Phosphorus content; (3) Crop requirements for fertility. From a bio-kinetic point of view, improving grain yield by improving HI is one of the least incremental increases in photosynthetic and nutrient uptake requirements. Other breeding methods that increase productivity include: ) Increase GY and BY at the same time without changing HI; (2) increase BY, GY and HI at the same time; (3) increase BY and GY to lower HI. However, the above three methods consume more for photosynthate and fertilizer So, It would not be feasible to significantly improve fertilizer utilization and expecting to increase wheat productivity by genetic means without fertilizing it.Improving fertilizers and cultivating tolerant genotypes seems to be the only viable method at present but this will soon begin to stagnate Or a period of inequality in returns and investments.This paper identified the productivity of wheat (grain weight per hectare) from the perspective of energy output, cultivation needs and associated kinematics, and also demonstrated the factors that limited the productivity growth of wheat.