论文部分内容阅读
所谓问题,是指当一个人面临一项任务而又缺乏必要的直接手段去完成时,问题就会产生。任何一个问题都必须同时具备给定、目标和障碍这三个因素:给定是指一组已知的任务和条件;目标是指任务的结束状态;障碍是指从已知的条件出发,操作任务主体通过间接的思维活动,找到达到指定目标的方法。其中,给定和目标之间存在着内部联系,从给定到目标有着一定规律。但仅仅凭着简单的知觉或回忆,任务主体不可能把握住这个规律,他必须进行一定的思维活动,才能达到解决问题的目的。因而,问题教学不同于简单地课堂提问,它以“问题”为出发点,以“问题的解决”为直接目的。而论证和探讨问题
The so-called problem refers to the problem that arises when a person faces a task and lacks the necessary direct means to complete it. Any one problem must have three factors: given, goals, and obstacles: Given refers to a set of known tasks and conditions; a goal refers to the ending state of the task; and an obstacle refers to starting from a known condition. The subject of the task finds ways to achieve the specified goal through indirect thinking activities. Among them, there is an internal connection between the given and the goal, and there is a certain rule from the given to the goal. However, simply relying on simple perceptions or memories, the subject of the task cannot grasp this rule. He must carry out certain thinking activities to achieve the purpose of solving the problem. Therefore, problem teaching is different from simply questioning in the classroom. It takes “problem” as the starting point and “solution to the problem” as the direct purpose. And argue and discuss issues