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目的通过了解北京市顺义区2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为控制其流行提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析北京市顺义区2009—2014年的《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》流行性腮腺炎病例信息。结果 2009—2013年北京市顺义区累计报告流行性腮腺炎971例,年平均发病率22.30/10万,疫情总体呈平稳态势。3—9月份为发病高峰,病例主要集中在15岁以下年龄组,占报告病例总数的80.12%;男女性别比为1.95∶1,2009—2013年间性别差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.125,P>0.05)。流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情全部发生于学校,有无免疫史、免疫期限大于5 a与免疫期限小于5 a、2剂次及以上与1剂次免疫史间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为11.99、6.12和28.04,均P<0.05)。结论中小学生是流行性腮腺炎的多发人群,应加强学校流行性腮腺炎的疾病监测工作,严格执行入托入学查验预防接种证,提高并维持高水平2剂次接种率。建议发生暴发疫情时学校启动晨检,加强流行性腮腺炎的监测工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps from 2009 to 2013 in Shunyi District of Beijing and provide a scientific basis for controlling its epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiology of mumps cases from 2009 to 2014 in Shunyi District of Beijing for Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. Results A total of 971 cases of mumps were reported in Shunyi District of Beijing from 2009 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 22.30 / 100,000. The epidemic overall showed a steady trend. The peak incidence was from March to September. The cases mainly concentrated in the age group of 15 years and below, accounting for 80.12% of the total number of reported cases. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.95: 1. There was no significant difference between 2009 and 2013 (χ2 = 3.125, P > 0.05). Mumps outbreak occurred in schools, with or without immunization history, the immune duration of more than 5 a and the immunization period of less than 5 a, 2 doses and above and 1 dose immunization history differences were statistically significant (χ2 values were 11.99, 6.12 and 28.04, all P <0.05). Conclusions Primary and secondary school students are mumps-prone people. Disease surveillance of mumps should be strengthened. Enrolled vaccination certificates should be strictly enforced to improve and maintain a high level of 2 doses of vaccination. It is recommended that schools start the morning seizure when outbreaks occur to strengthen the monitoring of mumps.