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基于岷江上游山区藏-羌-回-汉聚落生态位和植被生境适宜性的空间分布,借助分形和贝叶斯模型,定量刻画聚落生态位的民族属性对山区聚落生态位的空间分布特征的影响。结果表明:1岷江上游藏-羌-回-汉聚落生态位间隙度维数分别为0.949、0.942、0.890、0.960,汉族聚落生态位的高间隙度维数,揭示了山区汉族聚落封闭性特点。同时,流域内1 667个聚落生态位间隙度维数(0.946)与藏族(0.949)相似,表明藏族聚落生态位空间异质性特征能够反映整个流域山区聚落生态位空间分异程度。2岷江上游藏-羌-汉-回聚落生态位内的植被生境适宜性指数均值分别为:2.816、2.622、2.529、2.644,说明山区聚落生态位的空间分布与植被生境相适宜。同时,流域内1 667个聚落生态位几何特征对植被生境的敏感程度(0.601)与羌族(0.610)相似,表明羌族聚落生态位的几何特征具有典型性。3藏-羌-回-汉聚落生态位的空间聚簇性地域分异明显、地理边界清晰,说明聚落生态位的民族属性对聚落区位、规模和形态具有显著影响。
Based on the spatial distribution of Tibetan-Qiang-Hui-Han settlement niche and habitat suitability in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, the spatial distribution characteristics of settlement niche in mountainous area were quantitatively described by means of fractal and Bayesian model . The results showed that: (1) The spatial dimensionality of the niche in the Tibetan Plateau - Qiang - Hui - Han settlement in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River was 0.949, 0.942, 0.890 and 0.960, respectively. At the same time, the spatial dimensionality of 1 667 niche niches in the basin (0.946) is similar to that of Tibetan (0.949), indicating that the spatial heterogeneity of Tibetan settlement niche can reflect the degree of spatial differentiation of the settlement niche in the mountainous area. The average fitness index of vegetation habitats in the Tibetan-Qiang-han-retreating niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River are 2.816, 2.622, 2.529 and 2.644, respectively, indicating that the spatial distribution of habitat niche in mountainous areas is suitable for vegetation habitat. At the same time, the sensitivity of the 1 667 settlement niche geometric features to the vegetation habitat (0.601) is similar to that of the Qiang (0.610), suggesting that the geometric characteristics of the Qiang people’s settlement niche are typical. The spatial clustering of the Tibetan-Qiang-Hui-Han settlement niche has obvious spatial heterogeneity and clear geographic boundaries, indicating that the ethnic attributes of the settlement niche have a significant impact on the location, size and morphology of the settlement.