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目的了解艾滋病高发地区村民艾滋病相关知识知晓情况,为健康教育和行为干预活动提供依据。方法在安徽省7个艾滋病防治示范区,以各县感染率排在前10位的10个村15岁以上普通村民为调查对象,采用结构式问卷和无记名方式,对2868名村民进行单独面访。结果调查对象主要为已婚青壮年,其中20~50岁,占总调查人数的88.4%。艾滋病相关知识的总体知晓率为71.9%,男性高于女性(75.4%对69.4%,P<0.01),20~30岁和30~50岁年龄组知晓率相对较高(75.3%和74.8%),小于20岁和40~50岁年龄组相对较低(68.0%和67.6%)。其中对传播途径、非传播途径和预防知识的知晓率分别为83.7%、64.3%和68.0%。村民实际获得知识途径与期望途径基本一致,前三位均为电视、医生和招贴画挂图。结论在宣传艾滋病主要传播途径的同时要加强对非传播途径和预防知识的健康教育,并以女性、20岁以下和40~50岁年龄组村民为重点。
Objective To understand the knowledge of AIDS-related knowledge among villagers in high-risk areas and provide evidence for health education and behavioral interventions. Methods Seven AIDS prevention and control demonstration areas in Anhui Province were surveyed by ordinary villagers over the age of 15 in 10 villages with the highest infection rate in each county. The structure questionnaire and anonymous method were used to interview 2868 villagers individually. The results of the survey were mainly married young adults, of whom 20 to 50 years old, accounting for 88.4% of the total survey. The overall awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was 71.9%, males were higher than females (75.4% vs. 69.4%, P<0.01), and awareness rates were relatively high in age groups 20 to 30 and 30 to 50 (75.3% and 74.8%). The age groups of less than 20 and 40 to 50 years were relatively low (68.0% and 67.6%). Among them, the awareness rate of the transmission route, non-transmission route, and prevention knowledge was 83.7%, 64.3%, and 68.0%, respectively. The villagers’ actual access to knowledge is basically consistent with the expectation. The top three are television, doctors, and posters. Conclusion The promotion of health education on non-transmission pathways and preventive knowledge should be strengthened in the promotion of AIDS’s main transmission routes. The focus should be on women in villages of younger than 20 and 40-50 years of age.