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1949～1978年中国现代化进程的突出特征是经济不规则的高速增长(高速、低效、产业结构不合理、个人收入增长率低、起伏波动大)。其它特征包括:社会分化相对不足;教育发展迟缓;开放程度小且摇摆度大;社会稳定,社会问题少,社会控制能力强。强化的政治运动和空前的社会动员是上述特征的主要根源。空前的社会动员推动了经济增长,却忽视了效率和个人利益。必须明确经济建设是现代化的中心任务,应当采用有效发展模式取代高速增长模式。
The salient features of China’s modernization from 1949 to 1978 were irregular economic growth (high speed and inefficiency, irrational industrial structure, low personal income growth rate and fluctuating ups and downs). Other characteristics include: relative lack of social differentiation; slow education development; small degree of openness and large swing; social stability, less social problems and strong social control. Intensified political campaigns and unprecedented social mobilization are the main causes of these characteristics. Unprecedented social mobilization has promoted economic growth, but has neglected efficiency and personal interests. We must make it clear that economic construction is the central task of modernization. We should adopt an effective development model instead of the high-speed growth model.