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Various molecular analytical techniques have provided more and more information which is necessary for the accurate classification of diseases.Such information has enabled researchers to shift from morphologybased classification to molecular characteristics-based classification,also known as molecular classification.Molecular classifications of diseases can be carried out at the DNA,RNA,and protein levels.At the DNA level,for example,molecular classification can be done based on genetic mutation,polymorphisms,cytogenetic changes in genomes or DNA methylation differences.Classification based on different mRNA expression profiles is currently a key research approach.Since its introduction in the 1990s,biochip technology,as a highthroughput large-scale analytic technology,has been increasingly applied in research on functional genomics,disease genomics,and pharmacogenomics.Rapid advances in molecular classification have shed light on the establishment of guidelines for the molecular classification of tumors and personalized diagnosis and treatment.