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肝移植时若受体可检出丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HCV RNA），移植肝会迅速感染HCV，称为HCV复发。HCV复发可导致移植肝纤维化进展、肝硬化等，显著降低移植肝存活率。有效清除HCV是改善患者预后的关键。移植术后患者只要可检出HCV RNA，均应抗病毒治疗，并应在病情稳定后尽早开始。目前与免疫抑制剂药物相互作用（DDI）较少、安全性高的泛基因型直接抗病毒药物已被推荐用于移植术后患者。临床上应根据患者的肝肾功能、DDI等选择不同方案。现对肝移植术后HCV感染的抗病毒治疗现状及进展进行综述。“,”Recipients who detect hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid during the liver transplantation will promptly infect the transplanted liver, so it is called recurrent HCV after liver transplantation. HCV recurrence can lead to the progression of fibrosis and cirrhosis to the transplanted liver, and thereby significantly reduce the transplanted liver survival rate. Therefore, the effective elimination of HCV is the key to improve the patients’ prognosis. Patients should receive antiviral therapy as long as HCV RNA can be detected after liver transplantation, and treatment should be stopped as soon as the disease condition stabilizes. Currently, highly safe pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAA) have been recommended to patients after liver transplantation, as their interaction with immunosuppressive drugs (DDI) is minimal. Clinically, different treatment scheme should be selected according to the hepatorenal function, and DDIs of the patient. This article reviews the current situation and progress of antiviral treatment for HCV infection after liver transplantation.