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“悔”是人们在过失性的行为发生以后产生的一种自恨自责的心理情态，它对人们此后的思想和行为有重大和复杂的影响，可以导致和形成不同的发展趋向。宋明理学极其重视和强调“悔”这一心理情结，在由既往之“过”到“改”而“自新”的过程中的作用，具有相当明确系统的“悔过观”。宋明理学“悔过观”的形成，固然与原始儒学有着承传关系，但更主要地是接受和吸收了佛教文化中关于“忏悔”的影响。在先秦原始儒学的观念中，主要将“悔”视为一种于事无补的消极心理现象，因而着重强调行为的“无悔”和“寡悔”。而在佛教的教义、教规和教诫中，却极其重视“忏悔”的作用，将其视为洗脱罪孽获得灵魂超度和恢复心性宁定的基本途径之一。宋明理学将“忏悔”这一心理情结与传统的“内省”与“自新”相溶合，形成了自己的“悔过观”，并且使之成为心性之学的一个重要分支。这从一个侧面再次印证了佛教文化对宋明理学的影响。
Regret is a kind of self-hate self-blame mentality that people produce after negligent behavior. It has a great and complicated influence on people’s future thoughts and behaviors and can lead to and form different development trends. Song Ming Neo-Confucianism attaches great importance to and emphasizes the role of “regret” as a psychological complex in the process from “past” to “reforming” and “rejuvenating” and has a fairly clear and systematic “repentance view.” Although the formation of “Repentance Concept” in Song and Ming Dynasties has a bearing relationship with primitive Confucianism, it is more important to accept and absorb the influence of “repentance” in Buddhist culture. In the concept of primitive Confucianism in the pre-Qin period, “regret” was mainly regarded as a negative psychological phenomenon that did not help. Therefore, “no regret” and “no regrets” were emphasized. In Buddhism’s doctrines, canons and teachings, however, it places great importance on the role of “repentance” as one of the basic ways to get rid of soul’s sins and to restore calmness. Neo-confucianism, the conception of repentance and traditional “introspection” and “rejuvenation”, formed their own “conception of repentance” and made it an important branch of psychology. This once again confirms the impact of Buddhist culture on Neo-Confucianism.