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当代经贸规范呈现多边状态,其中WTO法是主要的表现形式。WTO法中针对贸易设立了“执行技术规范”的相关内容,并将实施此类规范的“权力”赋予了政府机构和非政府机构。①而非政府机构的“执行技术规范”正逐渐成为一类新的经济贸易法则。同时,WTO亦不禁止成员方为了某种社会目的,在国内法上通过更多的或各类的技术方案,对进口货物采取某一类保护措施。现阶段,已有发达国家开始依据非政府机构的此类规范,“合法”地提高贸易的技术门槛或幅度。这一经贸规范发展中的新动向对国际贸易产生的影响,亟需予以重视和展开研究。
The contemporary economic and trade norms show the multilateral status, of which the WTO law is the main form of expression. The WTO Law sets up the relevant content of “implementing technical specifications” for trade and gives “government authority” and non-government authority “power” to implement such norms. ① The “executive technical specifications” of non-governmental organizations are gradually becoming a new type of economic and trade law. At the same time, the WTO does not prohibit members from adopting certain kinds of protective measures on imported goods for certain social purposes and adopting more or various kinds of technical solutions under domestic law. At this stage, some developed countries have started to raise the technical threshold for trade or “legally” based on such norms of non-governmental organizations. The impact of this new trend in the development of economic and trade norms on international trade urgently needs to be taken seriously and studied.