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目前,坡面小区的径流泥沙,一般采用集水池或分流式集水箱测定,只能测定一次暴雨的径流量和泥沙量,而不能测定暴雨过程径流量和泥沙量的动态变化,也就难于准确地测定不同暴雨强度的径流量和泥沙量。现有的小流域测流设施大都是人工定时观测,难于准确测定径流随时间的变化,而且观测误差大,资料实用性很差。本文介绍宜川县铁龙湾林场松峪沟内两个实验小流域设置的自动径流泥沙测站,用以评价不同森林条件的减水减沙效益。这两个自动径流泥沙测站,能提供流域径流泥沙研究中极其短缺的洪水径流过程资料,是径流泥沙动态监测的有效工具。
At present, the runoff and sediment in the slope area is generally measured by a catchment pool or a split-flow water collecting tank, which can only measure the runoff and sediment amount of a heavy rainfall but can not measure the dynamic change of the runoff and sediment amount during the heavy rainfall. It is difficult to accurately measure runoff and sediment levels of different storm intensities. Current small-scale river flow measurement facilities are mostly artificial time-based observation, it is difficult to accurately determine the runoff over time, and the observation error is large, the data is very poor. This paper introduces the automatic runoff sediment station set up in two experimental small watersheds in Songyu Gully of Tie Longwan Forest Farm in Yichuan County to evaluate the benefits of water and sediment reduction under different forest conditions. These two automatic runoff sediment stations can provide extremely short-lived information on flood runoff in the study of runoff and sediment in the basin and are an effective tool for dynamic monitoring of runoff and sediment.