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在医院出现后的几个世纪内,它的基本职能是收容最贫穷的人,日益发展的专科化和技术进步使立法者和行政当局着手进行医院的改革。经过了一段时间的大量发展病床之后,进入了医院现代化和人道化的阶段,目前这个阶段尚未结束。由于住院时间的缩短,相应地增加了收容入院的可能性。近几年来医院床位总的看来已能满足需要,甚至过剩,但目前应当证明居民的需要和提供的方式之间是否适合。现在出现了一些新的提供住院服务的形式,它们既应满足病人的要求(舒适,不愿意长期住院),又要具有较高的医疗水平,还要控制医疗保健的开支。这些都被称为传统住院的替代形式。在列举这些形式之前,先指出它们的主
Within a few centuries after the emergence of the hospital, its basic function was to accommodate the poorest people. The growing specialization and technological advancement enabled the legislators and the administrative authorities to carry out hospital reforms. After a period of large-scale development of beds, it has entered the stage of modernization and humanization of the hospital. At this stage, this stage is not yet over. Due to the shortened length of stay, the possibility of admission to the hospital was increased accordingly. The hospital beds in recent years have been able to meet the needs, or even surplus, but at the moment they should prove whether the needs of the residents are suitable for the way they are provided. Now there are some new forms of providing hospitalization services. They should satisfy the patient’s requirements (comfortable, unwilling to stay in the hospital for a long time), have higher medical standards, and control the expenditure on health care. These are called alternative forms of traditional hospitalization. Before enumerating these forms, first point out their main