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生态思想的发展历程自从人类在地球上出现后,便不断对大自然进行利用和改造。从原始社会到18世纪,人类基本尊重和顺应自然;从18世纪的工业革命起,人类开始大规模改造自然,企图以科学控制和征服自然,却严重破坏了生态环境;二战后各工业国家开始反省,在有节制利用自然资源的同时保护环境;20世纪60年代后,“回归大自然”成为欧美国家的流行口号。随着人与自然关系的不断变化,生态思想相应经历了生态自发、生态失落、生态觉醒、生态自觉四个阶段。
The Development of Ecological Thought Since human beings appeared on Earth, they have continuously used and transformed nature. From primordial society to the eighteenth century, mankind basically respected and complied with nature. Starting from the industrial revolution in the 18th century, mankind began to transform nature on a large scale in an attempt to scientifically control and conquer nature. However, the ecological environment was severely damaged. All industrialized countries started their post-World War II Introspection, the restraint of the use of natural resources while protecting the environment; after the 1960s, “return to nature” has become the popular slogan of European and American countries. With the ever-changing relationship between man and nature, the ecological thoughts have undergone four stages of ecological spontaneity, ecological loss, ecological awakening and ecological consciousness.