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肝细胞癌(HCC)早期诊断和有效治疗,仍然是困扰医学界的难题.外泌体是直径为40 ～ 100nm的微小囊泡,内含蛋白质、脂质和核酸,作为信息物质交换的转运载体,在调控生物分子功能、维持细胞内环境中起重要作用.HCC外泌体功能包括胞间信息交换、新血管生成、癌细胞转移与多药耐药等,可介导微小RNA (miRNA)转化以调控肿瘤进展的微环境,进而影响癌细胞的病理生理学行为.外泌体源性miRNA可用于HCC监测或为早期诊断潜在特异标志物,且可作为HCC治疗靶目标,具有开发应用前景.现综述HCC外泌体源性miRNA研究的新进展.“,”The early diagnosis and effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains a difficult problem that plagues the medical community.Exosomes are microvesicles with a diameter of 40～100 rnm,and contains proteins,lipids and nucleic acids (mRNAs,lncRNAs,circRNAs,and microRNAs).They serve as an information exchange carrier,and play an important role in regulating and controlling the biomolecular function to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment.The function of exosomes in HCC includes intercellular communication,neoangiogenesis,cancer cell metastasis and multidrug resistance,which mediates the transformation of microRNAs (miRNA) and regulate the microenvironment of tumor progression,and then affect the pathophysiological behavior of cancer cells.Exosome-derived miRNA can be used for HCC monitoring or potential specific markers of early diagnosis.In addition,with the development and application prospects it could be a therapeutic goal for HCC.This paper summarizes the recent progress in the study of HCC-derived exosomal miRNA.