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十倍体长穗偃麦草是普通小麦遗传改良的重要材料.对从十倍体长穗偃麦草与普通小麦衍生后代中选育的2个株系(10-1-3-1和10-1-3-2)进行形态学和分子细胞学检测.结果表明:在田间自然发病条件下,10-1-3-1高抗白粉病,而10-1-3-2高感白粉病;二者根尖细胞染色体数均为2n=42,基因组原位杂交表明10-1-3-1的一对染色体短臂被长穗偃麦草遗传物质所替换,而10-1-3-2没有明显的杂交信号;利用长穗偃麦草E基因组的特异引物pLeUCD2对2个株系及其亲本进行PCR检测,发现10-1-3-1扩增出长穗偃麦草特异DNA条带,进一步证明其含有长穗偃麦草的遗传物质;269 (96.1％)对SSR和EST-SSR引物在2个株系间表现单态扩增,表明这两个材料的遗传组成基本一致.以上结果表明,10-1-3-1是一个小麦- 十倍体长穗偃麦草易位系,可以作为小麦抗病改良的亲本材料.本研究为小麦抗白粉病育种提供新的种质资源,有助于育种方面的深入探讨与利用.“,”Thinopyrum ponticum is an important material for genetic improvement in bread wheat. Two lines, 10-1-3-1 and 10-1-3-2 which were derived from T. ponticum×common wheat, were analyzed using morphology and molecular cytology methods in this study. The results indicated that 10-1-3-1 was high resistant to powdery mildew under natural conditions, while 10-1-3-2 was observed to be strongly susceptible. 10-1-3-1 and 10-1-3-2 had a mitotic chromosome number of 2n =42. Genomic in situ hybridization showed that a pair of chromosome short arms in 10-1-3-1 were replaced by a pair of T. ponticum chromosome arms, but no obvious hybrid signal was observed in 10-1-3-2. The both lines and their parents were amplified using the marker pLeUCD2 specific for E genomic chromatin, and the result showed that a specific band of T. ponticum was amplified in 10-1-3-1, which indicated that 10-1-3-1 contained the E genomic chromatin from T. ponticum. We also found that 269 (96.1％) of 280 markers used were polymorphic between 10-1-3-1 and 10-1-3-2, suggesting that they had similar genetic background. These results indicated that 10-1-3-1 was a wheat-T. ponticum translocation line with powdery mildew resistance, and it could be used as a parent material in wheat resistance breeding. This study could provide the new germplasm resources with powdery mildew resistance in Triticum, which might be beneficial to deep discussion and utilization of breeding.