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为了解兰属种质间的亲缘关系, 提高兰属种质的利用效率, 从43个形态特征对7种280份兰属种质进行了遗传变异分析、主成分分析及聚类分析.结果表明, 兰属种质表型多样性丰富, 数量性状变异程度高, 种间平均变异系数 (CV值) 在13.17％38.89％之间, 其中春兰多样性最为丰富, 各性状变异系数均在20％以上.质量性状Shannon-Weaver多样性指数 (I) 种间平均在0.101.69之间, 其中I值最小的是花被片数量, 最大的是花的主色及花瓣主色;种内以大花蕙兰各性状I值较大, 其次是春兰, 多样性丰富;墨兰种内稳定性较好.所有种质唇瓣以有斑点、无条纹占多数;萼片以无斑点居多.主成分分析筛选出对总体方差累计贡献率达89.407％的4个主成分, 可反映7种兰属种质的总体形态表现.在卡方距离3.73处可分为两大类, 一类包含大花蕙兰和杂交兰;其余5种国兰聚为第二类;春兰和蕙兰种间距离最短, 其次是杂交兰和大花蕙兰.本研究为兰属种质间的亲缘关系提供了理论依据.“,”In order to understand the relationship among Cymbidium germplasms and improve the use efficiency of Cymbidium, genetic variation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted on 43 phenotypic traits of 280 Cymbidium individuals belonging to 7 Cymbidium germplasm. The results showed that the phenotypic diversity of Cymbidium germplasms was rich and the variation of quantitative characters was high. The interspecific average variation coefficient (CV) ranged from 13. 17％ to 38. 89％, and the highest value of CV was detected in C. goeringii, in which the variation coefficient of each character was higher than 20％. The interspecific average Shannon-Weaver indexes (I) ranged from 0. 10 to 1. 69, among which the lowest value presented in tepal number, and the highest value presented in main color of flower and petal. The highest value of Shannon-Weaver indexes within species was detected in C. hybridum, followed by C. goeringii, and the lowest was in C. sinense. Among all germplasms, most accessions had spots but no stripes on the lip, while most sepals had no spots. Four principal components were screened using PCA based on the variance cumulative contribution rate of 89. 407％, which could reflect the integral phenotype of 7 species of Cymbidium. Based on cluster analysis, all the accessions were classified into two major groups at the 3. 73 level (Chi-square distance): the first category included C. hybridum and hybrid Cymbidium, and the second category included other 5 species. The shortest genetic distance was between C. goeringii and C. faberi, followed by the one between hybrid Cymbidium and C. hybridum. This experimentcould provide a theoretical basis for the study of the genetic relationship among C. hybridum germplasms.