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地下水位预报,是防汛、抗涝和地下水开发利用与管理中一项重要的工作。为了工程安全,常常需要限定地下水位的埋深。尤其对危害工程安全的临界水位,要及时采取相应的措施,并加强水位观测和预报工作。常规性的地下水位预报分为:(1)时段(如月平均水位)预报;(2)短期(如一年内最高、最低水位)预报;(3)长期(如一个工程寿命内水位)预报。根据预报方法,还分为直接预报和间接预报两种。用经验公式或数理统计方法计算求得的数值进行预报,称为直接预报法。直接预报法需要有大量的长系列的数据为基础。
The forecast of groundwater level is an important work in flood control, waterlogging prevention and groundwater exploitation, utilization and management. For engineering safety, it is often necessary to limit the depth of the groundwater level. Especially for the critical water level that endangers the safety of the project, corresponding measures should be taken in time and the water level observation and forecasting work should be strengthened. Conventional groundwater level forecasting is divided into: (1) forecast of time periods (eg monthly average water level); (2) forecast of short-term (eg maximum and minimum water level for one year); and (3) forecast of long-term water level within one project life. According to the forecasting method, there are two types: direct forecasting and indirect forecasting. Using empirical formula or mathematical statistics to calculate the value of the forecast, known as direct forecasting method. The direct forecasting method requires a large number of long series of data as the basis.