论文部分内容阅读
在河北省兴隆县雾灵山国家级自然保护区研究了经长期人为破坏的残次油松林的群落特征及其在不同保护年限下的生物多样性恢复规律。研究表明,与正常林分相比,残次林的物种多样性指数大幅度降低,物种数量显著减少。在植物和昆虫群落各项参数的变化中,以灌木和天敌昆虫类群受影响最大,其科数分别减少55.56%和60%,科-种多样性指数分别减少30.1%和60.72%。随保护年限的增加,植物群落呈现明显的规律性变化,在保护早期,科、种数无明显变化,个体数大幅度增加,多样性指数略有降低,此期为个体数量恢复时期;保护中期,种数迅速增加,个体数减少,多样性指数增加,因而,该期是物种的重要恢复时期;此后,科的组成变化明显,科数和科-种多样性指数显著增加。昆虫群落的变化特别是,早期植食性昆虫的科、种、个体数均明显增加,随保护年限延长,所有类群的多样性指数持续增加,特别是保护中期整个群落的科数及天敌昆虫类群的科、种数与多样性指数增加最为显著,分别增加了28.26%、56.25%、44.8%和38.97%,此期为昆虫群落得到最大程度的恢复时期。可见,在油松残次林的恢复过程中,10a左右是群落恢复的关键时期,近20a可接近未受破坏的水平。
Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve in Xinglong County of Hebei Province studied the characteristics of long-term man-made damaged Pinus tabulaeformis forest and the law of biodiversity restoration under different protection years. The results showed that, compared with the normal stand, the index of species diversity in the secondary forest significantly decreased and the number of species significantly decreased. In the changes of plant and insect community parameters, shrubs and natural enemies were the most affected, with the number of branches reduced by 55.56% and 60% respectively, while the branch-like diversity index decreased by 30.1% and 60.72% respectively. With the increase of the protection period, the plant community showed obvious regularity changes. In the early stage of protection, there was no obvious change in the number of branches and families, the number of individuals increased significantly and the diversity index decreased slightly, , The number of species increased rapidly, the number of individuals decreased and the diversity index increased. Therefore, the period was an important recovery period for species. Since then, the composition of the branch has changed obviously, and the branch number and branch diversity index have increased significantly. In particular, the number of species, species and individuals of the early herbivorous insects increased significantly. With the extension of the protection period, the diversity index of all the groups continued to increase, especially the number of families and the groups of natural enemy insects that protected the whole community The species, species and diversity indices increased most significantly, increasing by 28.26%, 56.25%, 44.8% and 38.97% respectively. This period provided the maximum recovery period for insect communities. It can be seen that in the recovery process of the secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis, about 10a is the key period of community restoration, and nearly 20 years can be approached to the unspoiled level.