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近年来,我国城市生活用水量迅猛增长,已成为城市用水的主要增长点。建设节水型城市生活单元(住宅小区、家庭住户),合理控制城市生活用水量过快增长是当前城市水资源管理工作的重要任务。城市生活单元作为城市生活耗用水的基本载体,评估生活单元内部耗用水结构的合理性,科学调控其耗用水方式是相关研究的热点和难点。通过充分参阅了国内外关于城市家庭生活用水研究和水资源管理领域的文献成果,从城市生活单元耗用水的影响机理、用水需求预测、用水过程模拟以及节水管理实践等方面进行了回顾和总结,较全面论述了城市生活用水领域的研究动态,为在我国开展城市家庭生活用水精细化管理和提升家庭生活用水效率,推进节水型社会建设具有重要意义。
In recent years, the rapid growth of water consumption in urban China has become the main growth point of urban water use. The construction of water-saving urban living units (residential quarters, domestic households) and the rational control of urban living water consumption is an important task in current urban water resources management. As the basic carrier of water consumption in urban life, the assessment of the rationality of water consumption structure in living units and the scientific control of its water consumption are the hot and difficult issues in relevant research. By fully reviewing the domestic and international literatures on urban domestic water use and water resources management, this paper reviews and analyzes the impact mechanism of water consumption per unit of urban living, water demand forecasting, water process simulation and water management practices In conclusion, a comprehensive discussion of the research trends in the field of urban domestic water use is of great significance for the fine management of household domestic water use in our country and the improvement of domestic water use efficiency and the promotion of water-saving society.