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许多发达国家经济的迅速发展是在二战以后,德国是其中的典型代表之一。德国经济之所以在短时期内得到恢复和发展,很大程度上得益于德国相当发达的职业教育。德国职业教育的实施在联邦职教法中已经作了规定,它包括三个方面的内容:职业培训、继续教育和转岗培训。职业教育有学校职业教育和双元制职业教育两类,其中又以双元制职业教育为主。所谓双元制职业教育,是指职业教育同时在学校和企业中进行,它的举办地点有两个,学习者的身份也是双重的。目前,德国中学毕业生中,每年有近70%的学生到职业学校接受职业教育,而这其中又有70%的学生是接受双元制职业培训的。在企业,学徒接受职业专门知识及技能的培训(一般来说一周3-4天在企业),而在学校(一般一周1-2天)则学习专业理论基础知识和文化知识。企业承担职业培训的费用,不向政府提要求或要补贴等。双元制的最大优势在于教育和工作的紧密结合。而采用其他形式的职业教育,如法国在学校进行的职业教育和英国在企业进行
In many developed countries, the rapid economic development is that after World War II, Germany was one of the typical representatives. The reason why the German economy has been restored and developed within a short period of time has largely benefited from the well-developed vocational education in Germany. The implementation of vocational education in Germany has been stipulated in the Federal Vocational Education Act. It consists of three aspects: vocational training, continuing education and job transfer training. Vocational education has two types of school vocational education and vocational education, dual vocational education. The so-called dual system of vocational education means that vocational education is conducted in schools and enterprises at the same time. There are two places for conducting vocational education, and the identity of learners is also double. At present, nearly 70% of German secondary school graduates receive vocational education every year in vocational schools, and 70% of them receive dual vocational training. In business, apprentices receive training in occupational expertise and skills (typically 3-4 days a week), while in school (typically 1-2 days a week) they learn professional theoretical fundamentals and cultural knowledge. The cost of undertaking vocational training does not require or subsidize the government. Dual system is the biggest advantage of education and work closely together. Other forms of vocational education, such as the French vocational education in schools and the UK in business