论文部分内容阅读
【目的】旨在明确不同树龄骏枣树形成单位产量所需的各器官营养元素年吸收量的异同点,以期为骏枣生产中的科学均衡施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆阿克苏地区4、7和10年生骏枣树作为试材,从枣树地上部分各器官分别采样,测定N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn和Cu含量。【结果】骏枣树形成地上部各器官单位生物量所需要的养分含量,不同树龄间相比差异均不显著,但其生物量在总生物量中所占的百分率有差异,4、7、10年生骏枣树果实占地上部年总生物量的百分率依次为72.9%、73.7%、75.7%,叶片依次为5.4%、5.2%、5.1%,花依次为1.3%、1.5%、1.4%,茎枝依次为20.4%、19.5%、17.6%,三个树龄骏枣树各器官生物量的大少顺序均为果实>茎枝>叶片>花。每形成1000 kg果实的总生物量随着树龄的增大而逐渐减少,茎枝保留和剪掉部分生物量均降低。采前落果率随树龄增加上升,叶片生物量减少,受精花生物量上升,而其掉落部分生物量表现先上升后下降。三个树龄骏枣地上部分生物量年增加量所需要的各营养元素量顺序均为K>N>Ca>Mg>P>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu,每形成1000 kg果实所需要吸收的养分量非常接近,4年生骏枣树为N 22.8 kg、P 1.7 kg、K 34.0 kg、Ca 7.4 kg、Mg 5.0 kg、Mn 54.5 g、Fe 916.9 g、Zn 202.8 g、Cu 42.5 g;7年生骏枣树为N 22.7 kg、P 1.7 kg、K 33.9 kg、Ca7.3 kg、Mg 4.9 kg、Mn 53.9 g、Fe 907.2 g、Zn 204.5 g、Cu 42.0 g;10年生骏枣树N 22.1 kg、P 1.7 kg、K 33.4 kg、Ca 6.8 kg、Mg 4.7 kg、Mn 51.8 g、Fe 871.3 g、Zn 204.8 g、Cu 40.4 g。【结论】3种树龄骏枣树地上部年总生物量中果实生物量与其余生物量的比例约为3∶1,且形成1000 kg果实所需的养分量也基本一致。由于总生物量和果实产量随树龄的增加而增加,因此,对养分的总需求量增加。但是由于果实生物量所占比例有所增加,测算单位产量所需要的各营养元素年吸收量时,也应考虑果实以外器官的年生物量所需要的养分吸收量,才能得到较准确的肥料施入量和各营养元素的比例。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to identify the similarities and differences in the amount of nutrients absorbed by organs in different ages of jujube trees in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and balanced fertilization in the jujube production. 【Method】 The 4, 7 and 10-year-old Jujube trees in Aksu area of Xinjiang Autonomous Region were used as materials to measure the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu from the aerial parts of jujube. 【Result】 The results showed that the jujube tree had the highest nutrient content needed to form the biomass of organs above and below the ground. There was no significant difference in the biomass among different ages, but the percentage of biomass in total biomass was different. The percentages of total annual biomass of 10-year-old Jujube trees were 72.9%, 73.7% and 75.7% respectively, and the order of leaf percentage was 5.4%, 5.2% and 5.1%, followed by 1.3%, 1.5% and 1.4% The order of stems and branches was 20.4%, 19.5% and 17.6%, respectively. The order of the order of the biomass of organs of three jujube tree was fruit> stem branch> leaf> flower. The total biomass of 1000 kg of fruit formed gradually decreased with the increase of tree age, and some of the biomass retained and cut off by stems decreased. The deciduous fruit rate increased with the increase of tree age, the biomass of the leaves decreased, the biomass of the fertilized peanut rose, and the biomass of the fallen part increased at first and then decreased. The order of nutrient elements needed for annual increment of above-ground biomass of three Jujube dates was K> N> Ca> Mg> P> Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu, The four-year Jujube tree was N 22.8 kg, P 1.7 kg, K 34.0 kg, Ca 7.4 kg, Mg 5.0 kg, Mn 54.5 g, Fe 916.9 g, Zn 202.8 g, Cu 42.5 g, respectively. Tree N 22.7 kg, P 1.7 kg, K 33.9 kg, Ca 7.3 kg, Mg 4.9 kg, Mn 53.9 g, Fe 907.2 g, Zn 204.5 g, Cu 42.0 g; kg, K 33.4 kg, Ca 6.8 kg, Mg 4.7 kg, Mn 51.8 g, Fe 871.3 g, Zn 204.8 g, Cu 40.4 g. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the ratio of the fruit biomass in the aboveground biomass of the three jujube trees to the rest of the biomass was about 3:1, and the amount of nutrients required to form 1000 kg of fruit was also basically the same. As the total biomass and fruit yield increase with age, total nutrient requirements increase. However, as the proportion of fruit biomass increases, the annual nutrient uptake required for unit output should also be taken into consideration when calculating the amount of nutrients needed by the annual biomass of organs other than the fruit to obtain a more accurate fertilizer application Intakes and the proportion of nutrients.