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目的：探讨影响尘肺致残程度的主要因素。方法：收集５６０例尘肺患者的致残程度鉴定的结果，分析致残程度与各影响因素的关系。结果：矽肺组中伤残二、三级明显高于石棉肺组、碳黑尘肺组、电焊工尘肺组、滑石尘肺组（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中矽肺Ｉ组致残程度严重于矽肺Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。矽肺Ｉ组的致残程度１９５８年前开始接尘组较１９５８、１９６４年及以后接尘组严重（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而且随着Ｘ线分期、病程或年龄增加而加重（Ｐ＜０．０５）。其他各尘肺组中不同期别、病程或年龄组对致残程度均无影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：粉尘性质不同，其引起的尘肺的致残程度不同，以矽尘最为严重。吸入游离二氧化硅含量高的矽尘致残能力强于含量低者，接尘年代的粉尘浓度高而致残程度重。其它影响因素还有尘肺期别、病程和年龄。
Objective: To explore the main factors affecting the degree of disability caused by pneumoconiosis. Methods: The results of disability identification of 560 patients with pneumoconiosis were collected, and the relationship between disability and various influencing factors was analyzed. Results: The second and third levels of disability in silicosis group were significantly higher than those in asbestosis group, carbon black pneumoconiosis group, electrician pneumoconiosis group and talcum pneumoconiosis group (P <0.05). The severity of disability in silicosis group I was significantly higher than that in silicosis Ⅱ Group (P <0.05). Silicosis group I degree of disability started 1958 before the dust collection group than in 1958, 1964 and after the dust group serious (P <0.05). And with the X-ray staging, duration or age increased (P <0.05). Other stages of pneumoconiosis, disease course or age groups had no effect on the degree of disability (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Different dusts cause different levels of disability of pneumoconiosis, with silica dust being the most serious. Inhalation of free silica content of silica fume disability is stronger than the low content of the dust in the dust of the high concentration of the degree of disability. Other factors also pneumoconiosis, duration and age.