Deciphering the metabolic fates of herbal constituents and the interactions of herbs with human meta

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Herbal medicines play a crucial role in the healthcare system in China and other East Asian countries,and also have been used as altemative medicines in most Westem countries [1-3].However,in most cases,the metabolic fates of herbal constituents and their effects on drug metabolism or endogenous metabolism in the human body have not been well-investigated [4-5].Notably,the concomitant use of herbal medicines may lead to clinically relevant herb-drug interactions or adverse reactions or even metabolic disorders,when some herbs are co-administrated with those drugs with narrow therapeutic indices (e.g.warfarin,digoxin,thyroid hormones and some anticancer agents) [6-8].
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