“停年格”与终身制——读龚自珍《明良论》有感

• 作 者: 徐景祥
• 出 处: 读书
• 发表日期: 2004年期
• 关键词: 明良论 停年格 龚自珍 官僚制度 史书 等级森严 选官制度 大都 怒行 一品

用做官的时间长久当作成绩,靠计算年限来确定升级,在史书上叫做“停年格”。据考,这种不管才能如何,完全以年限和资格为标准的选官制度,是在北魏时建立起来的。其实,在封建社会里,不论哪个朝代,大都实行以论资排辈为特点的等级森严的终身制官僚制度。对此,清末思想家龚自珍在他的著名的《明良论》里作过深刻的揭露和批判。

Used as an official for a long time as a result, by calculating the years to determine the upgrade, in the history book called “stop grid.” According to the examination, this system of election-seeking, which is completely based on years and qualifications, was established in the Northern Wei Dynasty regardless of its ability. In fact, in the feudal society, no matter which dynasty, the majority of the senior citizens are practiced with senior-level bureaucratic bureaucracy. In this regard, Gong Zizhen, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, made a profound revelation and criticism in his famous Ming Liang Theory.