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读过大代数的同学们一定都知道行列式的意义、性质和应用;对矩阵也许生疏一点,可能还没有听到过这个名词。矩阵在高等数学里的应用比行列式还多,近代理论物理学用到矩阵的地方也很不少。在一个行列式里,行的数目和列的数目必须相等:在一个矩阵里,行的数目和列的数目不一定要相等。如果组成行列式的元素是普通的数(整数、分数、无理数、复数),行列式的价值也就是一个普通的数。而矩阵就不能够以一个数来表示它的价值。举两个例子在下面:
The students who have read the big algebra must all know the meaning, nature, and application of the determinant; they may not be familiar with the matrix and may not have heard the term. The application of matrices in higher mathematics is more than the determinant, and there are also many places where modern theoretical physics uses matrices. In a determinant, the number of rows and the number of columns must be equal: In a matrix, the number of rows and the number of columns do not have to be equal. If the elements that make up the determinant are ordinary numbers (integer, fraction, irrational, complex), the value of the determinant is an ordinary number. The matrix cannot represent its value by a number. Give two examples below: