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H-Y抗原是在雄性哺乳动物细胞发现的一种雄性特异的表面成分。免疫雌鼠的血清含有对精子的抗H-Y抗体细胞毒性及分解雄鼠表皮和脑细胞。H-Y的位点是在Y染色体上,H-Y基因已定位在着丝粒附近,或在短臂或长臂上。控制男性睾丸发育的基因也位于此染色体区段。因此认为H-Y抗原可能是初级性别决定和哺乳动物睾丸发生的诱导者。近来在体外试验进一步表明H-Y抗原在睾丸发生中起作用。抗H-Y抗体能防止新生儿睾九细胞的管状结构的产生。上述结果导致研究H-Y抗原的三个主要方面:1.H-Y分型作为一种临床诊断试验,以鉴定性染色
H-Y antigen is a male-specific surface component found in male mammalian cells. Serum from immunized females contained cytotoxicity to sperm against H-Y antibodies and the breakdown of male rat epidermis and brain cells. The H-Y site is on the Y chromosome, the H-Y gene is located near the centromere, or on the short or long arms. The genes that control the development of male testes are also located in this chromosome segment. Therefore, it is considered that the H-Y antigen may be a primary sex determination and an inducer of testicular development in mammals. Recently in vitro tests further indicate that H-Y antigen plays a role in testicular development. Anti-H-Y antibodies can prevent the tubular structure of neonatal testicular cells. The above results led to the study of three major aspects of H-Y antigen: 1. H-Y typing as a clinical diagnostic test to identify the sex chromosomes