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以1辆在用国Ⅳ柴油公交车为研究对象,在重型底盘测功机上进行中国典型城市公交循环(CCBC循环)排放试验,分析了该车CCBC循环的发动机工况特点,研究了PM_(0.1)、PM_(0.1~2.5)、PM_(2.5~10)等3个粒径段的颗粒物数量和质量排放特性。研究结果表明:该国Ⅳ柴油公交车CCBC循环的发动机转速集中在600~1 338r/min,转矩集中在0~400N·m,说明该国Ⅳ柴油公交车CCBC循环的发动机工况以低速低转矩为主;该国Ⅳ柴油公交车CCBC循环PM_(0.1)、PM_(0.1~2.5)、PM_(2.5~10)颗粒物数量排放因子分别为(1.21±0.07)×10~(13)、(2.82±0.3)×10~(12)、(1.66±0.07)×10~9个/km,可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)数量排放中81.2%为粒径小于等于0.1μm的超细颗粒物PM_(0.1),且CCBC循环所有工况的PM_(0.1)数量排放占PM_(10)数量排放的比例超过70%;CCBC循环PM_(0.1)、PM_(0.1~2.5)、PM_(2.5~10)颗粒物质量排放因子分别为(0.71±0.05)、(20.24±1.51)、(105.50±4.49)mg/km,可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)质量排放中83.4%为粒径大于2.5μm的细颗粒物PM_(2.5~10),且CCBC循环所有工况的PM_(0.1~2.5)与PM_(2.5~10)质量之和占PM_(10)质量排放的约90%;CCBC循环中,车辆从怠速开始起步加速过程排放的超细颗粒PM_(0.1)数量、质量占可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)的数量及质量排放比例随着车速的上升而增大,数量比例最高达94.8%,质量比例最高达13.0%;车辆由加速过渡到匀速并进一步过渡到减速行驶时几乎不产生PM_(2.5~10)颗粒质量排放;车辆减速时排放的可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)数量、质量排放急速下降,颗粒物质量主要以PM_(2.5~10)为主;CCBC循环车辆怠速、加速、匀速、减速4种行驶工况中,加速行驶工况产生的PM_(0.1)、PM_(0.1~2.5)、PM_(2.5~10)颗粒数量、质量排放比例超过4种工况的颗粒物数量、质量排放总量的60%。
Taking one country in the country Ⅳ diesel bus as the research object, this paper carries out the emission test of typical Chinese urban bus cycle (CCBC cycle) on a heavy chassis dynamometer, analyzes the characteristics of the CCBC cycle engine operating conditions, and studies the PM 0.1 ), PM_ (0.1 ~ 2.5), PM_ (2.5 ~ 10) and other particle size of three particle size and mass emission characteristics. The results show that the engine speed of CCBC cycle of IV diesel bus is 600 ~ 1 338r / min and the torque is concentrated in 0 ~ 400N · m, indicating that the engine operating condition of CCBC cycle Ⅳ diesel bus at low speed (1.21 ± 0.07) × 10 ~ (13), respectively, and the emission factors of PM_ (0.1), PM_ (0.1 ~ 2.5) and PM_ (2.5 ~ 2.82 ± 0.3) × 10 ~ (12) and (1.66 ± 0.07) × 10 ~ 9 / km respectively. Among the PM 10 emissions, 81.2% of PM 10 particles were PM 0.1 ), And the emissions of PM_ (0.1) in all the CCBC cycles accounted for more than 70% of the PM_ (10) emissions. The CCBC cycle PM_ (0.1), PM_ (0.1 ~ 2.5) and PM_ (2.5 ~ The emission factors of PM10 were (0.71 ± 0.05), (20.24 ± 1.51) and (105.50 ± 4.49) mg / km, respectively, and 83.4% of PM10 emissions were PM2.5 ~ 10), and the sum of the mass of PM_ (0.1 ~ 2.5) and PM_ (2.5 ~ 10) in all the CCBC cycles accounts for about 90% of the PM_ (10) mass emission; in the CCBC cycle, the vehicle accelerates from the start of idle speed Of ultrafine particles PM_ (0.1) the number of quality accounted for The PM10 emissions and mass emission rate increased with the increase of vehicle speed, with the highest proportion of 94.8% and the highest mass ratio of 13.0%. PM_ (10) (2.5-10). The PM10 (10) and the mass emission of particulate matter (PM10) emitted by the vehicle slowed down rapidly while the mass of PM2 was mainly PM2 (2.5-10). The CCBC circulating vehicle idled and accelerated, In the four driving conditions of uniform speed and deceleration, the number of PM_ (0.1), PM_ (0.1 ~ 2.5), PM_ (2.5 ~ 10) particles and the mass emission rate exceeding the four kinds of working conditions 60% of the total emissions.