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为探讨小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)杂种优势形成的分子机理 ,选用普通小麦品种 (系 ) 3338、6 5 5 4和 2 410TD及其强优势杂种A(3338× 6 6 5 4)和无优势杂种B(2 410TD× 6 5 5 4) ,采用mRNA差异显示技术 ,对生长至三叶一心的根系 (初生根 )基因表达差异进行了比较研究。结果发现 ,小麦杂种一代苗期根系基因表达较亲本明显不同 ,表现为数量水平和质量水平上的差异 ,且差异表达基因的数目远高于我们以苗期叶片为材料的研究结果 ,表明小麦杂交种与其亲本间的基因差异表达与所研究的组织和器官有关。比较分析发现 ,在强优势杂种组合A中 ,超亲表达和偏高亲表达基因所占比例均明显高于无优势杂种组合B。以家族特异基因替代随机引物进行的差异显示结果表明 ,MADS_box家族基因在小麦杂交种和亲本苗期根系中存在着显著的表达差异 ,且差异表达类型以杂种特异表达和亲本基因在杂种一代沉默为主 ,说明MADS_box家族基因可能与小麦的杂种优势形成具有重要关系。对杂种和亲本基因表达差异与杂种优势的关系进行了分析和讨论
In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the heterosis formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), three wheat lines 3338, 6545 and 2 410TD and their dominant hybrid A (3338 × 6 6 5 4) and no dominant hybrid B 2 410TD × 6 5 5 4), mRNA differential display technique was used to compare the gene expression differences of roots (primary roots) growing to Clover. The results showed that the gene expression of root system of wheat hybrid was significantly different from that of its parents at the seedling stage, showing the differences in quantity and quality, and the number of differentially expressed genes was far higher than the results of our study at the seedling stage. The genetic differences between the species and their parents are related to the tissues and organs studied. The comparative analysis showed that the proportion of super-relatives and higher-relatives was significantly higher in hybrids A than in non-dominant hybrids. The results showed that there was a significant difference in MADS_box family gene expression between wheat hybrids and their parents at the seedling stage, and the differential expression types were expressed in hybrids and the parental genes were silenced as Master, indicating that the MADS_box family of genes may have an important relationship with the formation of wheat heterosis. The relationship between gene expression differences and heterosis in hybrids and parents was analyzed and discussed