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[目的]研究南瓜花粉母细胞的减数分裂及其雄配子体发育过程,以期为南瓜花药培养等方面研究提供一定细胞学依据。[方法]采用爱氏苏木精染色-冬青油透明技术对南瓜“天虹”的花粉母细胞减数分裂及其雄配子体发育过程中细胞结构变化和染色体行为进行了观察研究。[结果]南瓜花粉母细胞在细胞核分裂过程中,核膜核仁于中期I消失,末期I重新出现,此时形成2个新月形的细胞核,两核之间出现成膜体,但未出现细胞壁,该成膜体在中期Ⅱ又逐渐消失,末期Ⅱ重新出现。第2次分裂纺锤体中央离心扩散的成膜体与第1次分裂两核相对的中央界面形成的成膜体相连,小孢子细胞壁向心产生。多数四分体中包含四个子细胞,少数还含有额外的小细胞。单核靠边期核仁由1个分解成2～3个或多个,进入有丝分裂前期,成熟花粉为二细胞型。1.0～2.0cm长花蕾中多数花粉细胞处于单核期,可以将其作为花药或小孢子培养的取材依据。[结论]该研究结果为南瓜细胞遗传学方面的研究奠定了基础。
[Objective] The study aimed to study the meiosis of pumpkin pollen mother cells and the developmental process of male gametophyte so as to provide some cytological basis for the research on pumpkin anther culture. [Method] The mycelial structure and chromosome behavior of pollen mother cell meiosis and its male gametophyte development of pumpkin “Tianhong ” were observed by using the hematoxylin - eosin staining - [Result] During the process of mitosis, the nuclear membrane nucleolus disappeared in the medium I and the terminal I reappeared. At this time, two crescent-shaped nuclei were formed, but the film-forming bodies appeared between the two nuclei but did not appear Cell wall, the film gradually disappear in the medium Ⅱ, the terminal II reappeared. The second membrane in the spindle of the second split spindle was diffused and connected to the film-forming body at the central interface of the first split of two nuclei. The microspore cell wall was centripetally generated. Most quartet contains four daughter cells, a few also contain additional small cells. The single nucleus by the edge of the nucleolus from 1 to decompose into 2 to 3 or more into the pre-mitosis, mature pollen as a two-cell type. The majority of pollen cells in the 1.0 ~ 2.0cm long flower buds are in the mononuclear phase, which can be used as the basis for the culture of anther or microspore. [Conclusion] The results laid the foundation for the research of pumpkin cytogenetics.