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名贵药材番红花(Crocussativus L.)属鸢尾科番红花属,原产地中海地区,后逐渐扩大到欧亚地区一些国家种植,西班牙种植面积较大,为有名的番红花出口国家。我国所用番红花药材历来依靠进口,早年从印度经西藏传入我国,故有藏红花之称。药用部分是花的雄蕊柱头,有活血通经、消肿、祛瘀、镇静止痛、破血坠胎等功效。此外,还可提取染料——番红。1965年我国开始从西德引进,在江、浙和福建等几处有小量试种,79—80年又从日本引进番红花大球茎。但退化问题均未得解决。我们从82年秋开始试种,获得初步成果。
The rare medicinal material Crocus sativus L. belongs to the genus Iris of the Iris family and is native to the Mediterranean region. Later, it was gradually expanded to some countries in Europe and Asia. The planting area in Spain is large, and it is a famous exporter of saffron. The saffron medicine used in our country has always been imported. It was introduced to India from Tibet through Tibet in the early years. So it is known as saffron. The medicinal part is the stamen stigma of the flower, which has the effect of promoting blood circulation, swelling, phlegm, sedation and pain, and bleeding and abortion. In addition, dyes can be extracted - safranine. In 1965, our country began to import from West Germany. There were small quantities of test species in several places such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian, and in 1979 and 1980, we imported crocin bulbs from Japan. However, the problem of degradation has not been solved. We began trial planting in autumn 82 and obtained preliminary results.