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许多学者认为脑动脉对诱发动脉粥样硬化的食物有一定的耐受性.我们曾用幼年及成年猕猴进行脑动脉粥样硬化造型,结果其大脑中动脉(MCA)出现动脉粥样硬化的早期病变,中央支仅有轻度的内皮破溃和脱失.本实验选用老年猕猴(20～23岁)6只,3只喂以高脂饮食,3只作对照.用光镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜进行观察.对照组MCA及其中央支与成年对照组相似,内皮连续完整用、排列规则,有时可见内膜局部增厚.实验组高脂喂食22个月后发现,MCA及其中央支内皮细胞水肿、破溃、增生、萎缩,有时空泡化,线粒体水肿,细胞连接变宽,内皮局部破溃,内膜胶原纤维大量增生,内膜增厚冲膜平滑肌细胞异型化,间质结缔组织增多.此时猕猴血浆总胆固醇浓度高于正常对照组水平,达5.6±1.30mmol/L(对照组为2.80±0.20mmol/L),而血压则正常.这表明高血脂可引起脑内小动脉的硬化,但与年龄因素密切相关.出现这种病变的原因可能是由于老年的MCA及其中央支较青年者更弯曲,受切应力影响较大,内皮易受损;且其新陈代谢缓慢,内皮损伤后较难修复及机体对脂质的处理能力下降、脂质易沉积在动脉壁之故.因此,老年人应特别注意限制胆固醇和含脂肪较多食物的摄入,以降低脑血管病的发病率.
Many scholars think that the cerebral arteries have a certain tolerance to atherosclerotic foods.We used cerebral and atherosclerotic modeling in juvenile and adult macaques as a result of the early stages of atherosclerosis in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) Lesions, the central branch only mild endothelial rupture and loss.This experiment selected the elderly macaque (20 to 23 years old) 6, 3 fed with a high-fat diet, 3 as a control.Using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscope.Control group MCA and its central branch similar to the adult control group, the endothelium continuous complete with rules, and sometimes can be seen intimal thickening.Experimental group after 22 months of high fat feeding found that MCA and its central branch Endothelial cell edema, ulceration, hyperplasia, atrophy, cavitation, mitochondria edema, cell connectivity broadening, endothelium local ulceration, hyperplasia of collagen fibers intimal thickening of the intimal hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells, interstitial connective tissue Organization increased.At this time, the total plasma concentration of cynomolgus monkey plasma was 5.6 ± 1.30mmol / L (2.80 ± 0.20mmol / L in the control group), while the blood pressure was normal.This indicated that hyperlipemia can cause small brain Arterial sclerosis, but with age-related factors Related causes of this disease may be due to older MCA and its central branch more youth than the more affected by shear stress, endothelial vulnerable; and its slow metabolism, more difficult to repair after endothelial injury and body to Therefore, the elderly should pay special attention to limit the intake of cholesterol and fat-containing foods to reduce the incidence of cerebrovascular disease.