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在阿尔伯塔省的阿撒巴斯卡地区运营着的两个商业性选厂,从油砂矿中生产出的石油能满足加拿大全国约20%的需求。露天开采的油砂在水洗分选过程中产生了大量的粘土尾矿。沉淀池水中的悬浮粘土颗粒和从油砂矿石溶于水中的电解质相互作用生成了固体物含量为20～50%的细粒尾矿(MFT),而这些尾矿的沉降和压密特性都比较差。因此,需要有大面积的沉淀池来为选矿厂生产循环水,而且尾矿池堰要在一个夏天内建成。所以对MFT的产率和最终体积量的预测能力,就对采矿计划和尾矿处理作业格外重要。近来研究表明:少量在进行油砂矿分选时进入水相的粒度在20～300nm的微细粘土颗粒能够有效地决定MFT的浆体性质。在本实验中,将微细颗粒从尾矿浆中加以分离,并对它们在模型尾矿浆中的凝聚行为进行了研究。在观察矿粒的凝聚和胶凝化过程时采用了相关光谱法(PCS)和氘核磁共振法(~2HNRM),测量的结果和在同等条件下测出的矿粒沉降数据有关。而沉降数据是由微细矿拉形成絮团并由其相互作用最终生成具有触变性凝胶这一过程决定的。生成的最终沉积物的体积与微细粒的起始浓度有关,水流排放速度则基本上决定于电解质浓度。
Two commercial plants operating in Athabasca, Alberta, produce about 20% of Canada’s oil from oil sands. Open-pit oil sands produce a large amount of clay tailings during the washing and sorting process. The interaction of suspended clay particles in sedimentation water with the electrolyte dissolved in water from oil sands ore resulted in the production of fine tailings (MFT) with 20-50% solids content, and the sedimentation and compaction characteristics of these tailings were compared difference. Therefore, a large area of settling ponds is needed to produce recycled water for the concentrator, and the tailings pond weir to be built in a summer. Therefore, the ability to predict MFT yield and final volume is of particular importance for mining planning and tailings operations. Recent studies have shown that a small amount of fine clay particles with a particle size of 20-300 nm entering the aqueous phase during oil sands separation can effectively determine the slurry properties of MFT. In this experiment, the fine particles were separated from the tailing slurry, and their cohesive behavior in the tailing slurry was studied. Correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance (~ 2HNRM) were used to observe the agglomeration and gelation of the mineral particles, and the results were related to the mineral deposition data measured under the same conditions. The subsidence data, however, is determined by the fine mineral drag that forms the flocs and ultimately the formation of thixotropic gels by their interaction. The volume of the resulting final deposit is related to the starting concentration of the fine particles, and the rate of water discharge depends essentially on the electrolyte concentration.