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2004年以来执行的玉米政策性收储等政策暴露出严重的问题,包括国内外差价扩大,进口压力增加,巨大的库存积压和财政包袱等,同时政策性收储价格的支配地位也影响了市场机制发挥作用。本文从粮食及玉米市场政策发展历程和现状出发,分析了玉米“三量齐增”困局的原因,以及供给侧结构性改革的必要性。作者提出价补分离是玉米供给侧结构性改革的基本思路,同时要统筹考虑大豆和玉米的同步改革,而正确认识市场和计划的关系是改革的理论前提,保证国家粮食安全是改革的根本目标,科技进步是玉米供给侧结构性改革的根本出路。
Policies implemented by the government since 2004, such as the policy of storing and selling corn, have exposed serious problems, including the spread spreads at home and abroad, increasing pressure on imports, huge inventory backlogs and financial burdens, and the dominance of policy purchasing and storage prices has also affected the market Mechanism to play a role. Based on the development history and current situation of grain and corn market policies, this paper analyzes the reasons for the corn “three-pronged increase” and the necessity of the supply-side structural reform. The author puts forward that the separation of the price and the compensation is the basic idea of the structural reform of the supply side of maize. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the simultaneous reform of soybean and maize. Correctly understanding the relationship between the market and the plan is the theoretical premise of the reform and ensuring that national food security is the fundamental goal of the reform The scientific and technological progress is the fundamental way out for the structural reform of the corn supply side.