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一、黄土 我国黄土面积达63万km~2,厚度居世界之最(兰州附近黄土厚413m据张原丁文)。100年以前中国黄土就受到地质学家们的注意,但对黄土工程地质特性研究主要是1949年以后,并取得了很大成绩。 (一)黄土的地层特征 1.新黄土和老黄土的差别 新黄土包括Q_3和Q_4黄土,厚度几米至几十米,Q_3和Q_4早期黄土一般呈黄褐色至褐黄色,土质较均匀,结构疏松,大孔发育,有垂直节理,干时坚硬,遇水崩解,具湿陷性。
First, loess Loess area in China reached 630,000 km ~ 2, the thickness of the world’s most (loess 413m near Lanzhou, according to Zhang original Ding Wen). 100 years ago, Chinese loess was the attention of geologists, but the study of loess engineering geology was mainly after 1949, and great achievements have been made. (1) Stratigraphic characteristics of loess 1. Difference between new loess and old loess The new loess includes Q_3 and Q_4 loess with a thickness of several meters to tens of meters. The early loess Q_3 and Q_4 are usually yellow-brown to brown-yellow in color with loamy soil and loose structure , Macroporous development, a vertical joint, hard when dry, water disintegration, collapsible.