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(一)较高的人类发展指标水平和居民生活质量。中国的人均GDP,无论是按官方汇率还是按实际购买力平价计算,都大大低于发达国家人均水平,也很难在短期内赶上它们。但是中国居民实际生活质量水平大大超过人均GDP水平,根据联合国计划开发署《1996年人类发展报告》计算,中国人类发展指标(HDI)1993年为0.609,发展中国家为0.563,世界平均水平为0.746;预计25年之后,中国人类发展指标将达到高水平(大于0.8)。另据联合国提供的资料,2020—2025年,除成人识字率外,中国居民生活质量指标接近发达国家水平,人民普遍享受较高的物质生活水平。这是令人惊喜和备受鼓舞的现代化发展趋势,也是中国不同于其他发展中国家现代化发展的显著标志之一。因此满足十几亿人民生活的基本需要是发展的最低目标,提高全体居民的生活质量是发展的最高目标。其中农村生态建设、山川秀美是最低目标的重要组成部分,城市环境质量改善、碧水蓝天是最高目标的重要组成部分。
(I) High levels of human development indicators and residents’ quality of life. China’s per capita GDP, both at official exchange rates or real purchasing power parity, is much lower than the per capita level in developed countries and it is also very hard to catch up with them in the short term. However, the actual quality of life of Chinese residents has greatly exceeded the level of per capita GDP. According to the 1996 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program, China’s HDI was 0.609 in 1993, 0.563 in developing countries and 0.746 in the world It is estimated that after 25 years, China’s human development indicators will reach a high level (greater than 0.8). According to information provided by the UN, from 2020 to 2025, besides the adult literacy rate, the indicators of the quality of life of Chinese residents are close to those of developed countries, and the people generally enjoy a higher standard of living. This is a pleasant surprise and a very encouraging development trend of modernization. It is also one of the notable signs that China is different from other developing countries in their modernization. Therefore, to meet the basic needs of the lives of billions of people is the minimum goal of development. Improving the quality of life of all residents is the highest goal of development. Among them, rural ecological construction and beautiful mountains and rivers are the important components of the minimum goal. The improvement of urban environmental quality and the clear blue sky are the most important components of the highest goal.