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目的:通过分析比较阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者与健康对照者经颅超声（TCS）测量第三脑室宽度（TVW）图像特点、及其与头颅磁共振颞叶内侧萎缩（MTA）视觉评分、神经心理学特征的相关性，探讨TCS技术在AD临床诊断应用中的价值。方法:纳入2021年1—7月在苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科记忆障碍门诊确诊的39例AD患者及41名健康对照者，进行TCS检查、MTA评分、神经心理学测试，分析比较两组TVW差异、及其与MTA评分、神经心理学特征之间的相关性。结果:39例AD患者，男28例、女11例，年龄（73±9）岁，轻度AD患者18例，中度AD患者20例，重度AD患者1例；41名健康对照者，男24名、女17名，年龄（69±6）岁。与健康对照组相比，AD组TVW更宽［0.76（0.66，0.87）cm比0.50（0.44，0.56）cm，n P<0.001］。神经心理学测试中，AD患者多个认知功能领域受损，如延迟记忆［0（0，0）分比4.0（4.0，5.0）分，n P<0.001］、命名［2.0（1.0，3.0）分比3.0（2.0，3.0）分，n P<0.001］、执行功能［2.0（2.0，3.0）分比3.0（2.5，3.0）分，n P<0.001］、语言［0.0（0.0，2.0）分比3.0（2.0，3.0）分，n P<0.001］等方面与健康对照者比较，差异均有统计学意义。AD组TVW增宽与即刻记忆（n r=-0.339，n P=0.035）、延迟记忆（n r=-0.523，n P<0.001）、注意力与计算力（n r=-0.409，n P=0.045）、视空间与执行功能（n r=-0.333，n P=0.039）等均呈负相关，且TVW与MTA评分（n r= 0.552，n P<0.001）呈明显正相关。n 结论:运用TCS测量AD患者TVW，并结合MTA评分、神经心理学测试，可为AD临床诊断提供较为可靠的客观依据。“,”Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of third ventricle width (TVW) measured by transcranial ultrasound (TCS) in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) by analyzing and comparing the image characteristics of TVW in AD patients and healthy controls, and its correlation with cranial magnetic resonance medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) visual score and neuropsychological characteristics.Methods:TCS examination, MTA score and neuropsychological tests were performed in 39 confirmed AD and 41 normal controls from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January and July 2021. The correlation of TVW with MTA score and neuropsychological characteristics was analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results:A total of thirty-nine AD patients were enrolled, with 28 males and 11 females, aged (73±9) years, including 18 mild, 20 moderate, and 1 severe AD patient. Meanwhile, 41 healthy controls were also included, with 24 males and 17 females, aged (69±6) years old. TVW in AD patients was significantly wider than that in normal controls [0.76(0.66, 0.87) cm vs 0.50(0.44, 0.56) cm, n P<0.001]. In neuropsychological tests, compared with normal controls, AD patients showed impaired performances in several cognitive functions, and there were statistically significant differences in delayed memory [0(0, 0) vs 4.0(4.0, 5.0),n P<0.001], naming [2.0(1.0, 3.0) vs 3.0(2.0, 3.0),n P<0.001], executive function [2.0(2.0, 3.0) vs 3.0(2.5, 3.0),n P<0.001], language [0.0(0.0, 2.0) vs 3.0(2.0, 3.0),n P<0.001] and other aspects between AD patients and normal controls (alln P<0.05). TVW was negatively correlated with immediate memory (n r=-0.339, n P=0.035), delayed recall (n r=-0.523, n P<0.001), attention and computing power (n r=-0.409, n P=0.045), visual space and executive function (n r=-0.333, n P=0.039), but positively correlated with the atrophy of the medial temporal lobe (n r= 0.552, n P<0.001).n Conclusions:TCS can be used to measure TVW in AD patients. When combined with MTA score and neuropsychological tests, it can provide a reliable objective basis for the clinical diagnosis of AD.