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为了解沈阳桃仙国际机场附近的鸟类群落特征,给机场鸟类防范管理提供数据支持,预防鸟撞事故发生,于2012年9月—2013年8月在机场周围7 km范围内,采用样线法和样点法进行鸟类多样性调查。共布设3条样线和7个样点,涵盖居民区、农耕区、山地、林地和河流5种生境,共记录到鸟类35种,隶属于10目21科。计算了5种生境中鸟类多样性指数、分布系数及重要值,并考虑了鸟类在桃仙机场范围内飞行高度对鸟撞风险的影响,将所记录到的鸟类分为严重危险、很危险、较危险和一般危险4个等级,其中严重危险的有树麻雀、苍鹭、喜鹊、红隼,很危险的有家燕、夜鹭、大山雀、家鸽等5种,较危险的有白尾鹞、绿头鸭、大斑啄木鸟、灰喜鹊等16种,一般危险的有赤胸鸫、大沙锥、鹌鹑、锡嘴雀等10种。基于上述研究结果,提出了桃仙机场鸟撞防范对策和建议。
In order to understand the characteristics of the bird community near Shenyang Taoxian International Airport and provide data support for the prevention and control of bird diseases at the airport, it is planned to prevent the bird strike accident from occurring within 7 km around the airport from September 2012 to August 2013 Line method and sampling method for bird diversity survey. A total of 3 sample plots and 7 sample plots were established, covering 5 habitats including residential areas, farming areas, mountainous areas, woodlands and rivers. A total of 35 bird species were recorded, belonging to 10 orders and 21 families. The bird diversity index, distribution coefficient and important value were calculated in five habitats. The birds’ impact on bird collision risk was considered in the range of Taoxian Airport. The recorded birds were classified as serious danger, Very dangerous, more dangerous and general dangerous 4 levels, including the serious danger of tree sparrow, heron, magpie, kestrel, very dangerous home Yan, Night Heron, big tits, pigeons and other 5 kinds of more dangerous White-tailed plover, mallard, spotted woodpecker, magpie ash, etc. 16 kinds of general danger of red chestnut 大, sand cone, quail, tin-sparrow and other 10 species. Based on the above research results, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for prevention of bird collision at Taoxian Airport.