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“It is the spirit of mutual respect and cooperation that will afford us firm building blocks for the establishment of the culture of peace at all levels.”
This is the core message of the UN President of the 66th session of the General Assembly H.E. Mr. Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser, who convened the United Nations High-Level Forum on the Culture of Peace, held at UN headquarters in New York City on 14 September 2012. The day-long forum brought together UN Ambassadors, representatives of UN system entities and civil society, including NGOs, media, the private sector and other interested stakeholders, to exchange ideas and suggest ways to build and promote an ongoing culture of peace.
“相互尊重和合作的精神，是我们在各级建立和平文化的坚定基石。”
这是联合国第66届大会主席纳西尔·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·纳赛尔先生于2012年9月14日在纽约联合国总部召开的以“和平文化”为主题的联合国高级别论坛上表达的核心信息。为期一天的论坛汇集了各国驻联合国大使、联合国系统机构和公民社会的代表，包括来自非政府组织、媒体、私营部门和其他利益攸关方的代表。他们在一起交换意见和建议，为建立和促进正在发展的和平文化而集思广益。
The forum builds on UN reports and annual resolutions, dating back to resolution 53/243 on the Declaration of Action on a Culture of Peace adopted by consensus of the member states in 1999. Given the end of the period 2001 to 2012, which was declared by the UN as “The International decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World” (53/25), this first-ever General Assembly High Level Forum was intended to continue the both individual and collective efforts towards global peace.
本次论坛建立在联合国报告和年度决议的基础上，这可追溯到1999年各成员国一致通过的和平文化行动宣言的第53/243号决议。联合国宣布2001-2012为“世界儿童和平非暴力文化国际十年”(53/25)，在这个阶段的尾声召开本届前所未有的联大高级别论坛的目的是通过个人和集体的共同努力，继续为实现全球和平而努力。
At the morning session in the impressive UN General Assembly Hall, the President renewed his commitment to the culture of peace, defined as a set of values based on tolerance and respect for diversity as well as on trust, nonviolence, dialogue and understanding to settle differences, in stark contrast to “an eye for an eye”-approach. He outlined themes, reiterated throughout the day, that
(1) All sectors of society must be engaged, with civil society taking a primary role, including parents, teachers, interfaith religious leaders and artists; (2) Youth and women must be at the forefront and in full participation; (3) Education is the focus, with peace education essential; (4) Everyone should do one action of peace; and (5) Peace and development go hand in hand.
上午，在宏伟的联合国大会厅举行的会议上，大会主席重申了他对于和平文化的承诺，他认为和平文化是基于“包容、尊重多样性，以及通过相互信任、非暴力、对话和理解解决分歧”的一系列价值观，这与“以眼还眼”的方式形成了鲜明的对比。他简要介绍了贯穿大会一整天的主题： （1）社会各界，包括家长、教师、不同信仰的宗教领袖和艺术家在内必须与公民一起参与和平文化的建设;（2）青年和妇女必须走在和平文化建设的前列，充分参与其中;（3）教育是重点，和平教育必不可少;（4）每个人都应该为和平出一份力;（5）和平与发展齐头并进。
UN Secretary- General Ban Ki-moon reiterated his call for disarmament and emphasized peace education that does not glorify war as key in his new global initiative, “Education First.” The campaign gives every child the opportunity to attend school, to strengthen core values. The President of the Foundation for Culture of Peace and the UBUNTU Forum, H.E. Mr. Federico Mayor, predicted change from the impossibilities of today to the possibilities of tomorrow. Advocate for peace, civil rights and women’s rights, President of the Hague Appeal for Peace Cora Weiss implored that it is “time to abolish war” and thanked the organizers for opening the space for civil society to participate. Stressing the importance of upholding UN resolution 1325 about women’s rights, she argued that poverty is violence, that women are subject to poverty, and that the larger the gap between men and women, the more likely a nation will be mired in conflict. The UN commitment to the culture of peace offers hope.
联合国秘书长潘基文再次呼吁裁军，并在他的新全球倡议“教育第一”中强调不美化战争的和平教育的关键作用。“教育第一”的活动给每一个孩子提供上学的机会，并通过教育加强其核心价值观。和平文化基金会和乌班图论坛主席费德里科·马约尔先生预测说今日的不可能性在明日就将转变为可能性。海牙和平会议主席科拉·威斯提倡和平、公民权利和妇女权利，她恳求“消灭战争”，并感谢主办单位为公民社会提供了参与空间。她强调坚持联合国有关妇女权利的第1325号决议的重要性。她认为，贫困也是一种暴力，世界上有些妇女正在遭受贫困，男性和女性之间差距越大，国家陷入冲突的可能性越大。联合国关于和平文化的承诺带来了希望。
Following a musical interlude by a flutist Eileen Ain, psychotherapist and NGO representative to the UN, Ambassadors from eight countries took the podium to affirm their country’s commitment to the culture of peace. Ambassador Abdul Momen of Bangladesh noted his country’s lead in UN peacekeeping and commitment to gender equality and fundamental principles of ethnic diversity and harmony to bring about a world where harmony overcomes hatred, and where love and tolerance overcomes intolerance. Ambassador Jean-Francis Zinsou of Benin emphasized the essential need for spirituality and democracy within an ongoing objective of peace. He described that using dialogue moved Benin from a monolithic to a democratic society and spared the country from war. Mankind can only grow in peace, he said, and that the cornerstones of peace include gender equality and freedom of speech.
长笛演奏家、心理治疗师艾琳·艾因是非政府组织在联合国的代表。在她演奏音乐间奏后，来自八个国家的大使走上讲台，确认各自国家政府对构建和平文化的承诺。孟加拉国大使阿卜杜勒·莫门指出孟加拉国在联合国维和行动中身先士卒。他对保障性别平等、种族多样性及和谐相处的基本原则做出承诺，并表示希望能以和谐克服世界的仇恨，以爱和宽容克服世界的狭隘。贝宁大使让·弗朗西斯·津苏强调精神和民主是正在构建的和平的基本条件。他描述了贝宁通过对话从独裁社会向民主社会的转变，以及其摆脱战争困扰的过程。他说，人类只有在和平中才能良好地成长，而和平的基石包括性别平等和言论自由。 Ambassador Eduardo Ulibarri of Costa Rica celebrated the culture of peace in the context of education and civil society. Ambassador Gert Rosenthal of Guatemala emphasized a multi-lingual, multi-cultural society as essential to peace, while Acting Ambassador Akan Rakhmetullin of Kazakhstan said his country will seek solutions through education, empowerment of youth, harnessing media, and the support of civil society to encourage resilience and make peace a part of daily life. Ambassador Joaquin Maza Martelli of El Salvador noted his country’s progress towards peace. The nation’s commitment to mental health was evident at the launch of the World Health Organization Quality Rights campaign with a toolkit available on the internet. Ambassador Libran Cabactulan of the Philippinescondemned the “cowardly attack on the US embassy in Libya, and defamation of Prophet Mohammed.” In this light, he expressed support of UNESCO’s Resolution to proclaim 2013–2023 as the Decade of International Rapprochement of Cultures, especially given the formal end of the MDGs in 2015. He further recognized the role of technology and Internet in achieving peace. Ambassador Baso Sangqu of South Africa quoted the UN Secretary General that “the world is over armed and peace is underfunded.” Noting that his nation has produced four Nobel Peace Laureates, he committed that his country “will not relent in effort to build a better world for all.”
哥斯达黎加大使爱德华多·尤里巴瑞赞美教育和公民社会中的和平文化。危地马拉大使格特·罗森塔尔强调，多语种、多文化的社会对于和平至关重要。哈萨克斯坦的代理大使阿坎·拉克门杜林说，他的国家将通过教育、对青年的激励、对媒体的治理和来自民间社会的支持，鼓励人民养成乐观的性格，使和平成为人们日常生活的一部分，并以此作为维系和平的途径。萨尔瓦多大使华金·马萨马尔泰利描述了该国的和平进程，并称该国致力于维护国民心理健康的努力成果是显而易见的。随着世界卫生组织质量与权利运动的开展，该国在互联网上推出了一款可供大众使用的维护心理健康的工具包。菲律宾大使利班·卡巴库兰谴责了对驻利比亚美国大使馆的“卑鄙攻击和对先知穆罕默德的诋毁”。有鉴于此，他表示支持联合国教科文组织关于宣2013年至2023年为“国际文化和睦十年”的决议，特别是考虑到联合国千年发展目标将在2015年正式结束。他进一步提到技术和互联网对于实现和平的作用。南非的贝索·桑库大使引述联合国秘书长的话“世界被过分武装而实现和平却资金不足”。他指出，南非已经产生了四个诺贝尔和平奖获得者，他承诺他的国家将“不遗余力地努力建设一个更美好的世界”。
A morning panel was held on “The Culture of Peace in the core of humanity’s agenda: New partnerships, new developments,” in the North Lawn Building Conference Room 2. Moderated by the Ambassador of the Commonwealth of Bahamas to the United Nations, Paulette Bethel, the first speaker was Ms. Judy Cheng-Hopkins, Assistant Secretary-General for the UN office of Peacebuilding Support. UN Assistant Secretary-General and Deputy Executive Director of UN Women Lakshmi Puri emphasized that gender equality is critical to achieving a culture of peace, given the numbers of women in the world (3.5 billion) and women’s role in caring, sharing and nurturing a future generation. “We can be accused of reverse gender stereotyping, but it’s true,” she admitted with humor. Puri enumerated the need to consider women in the context of conflict and post- conflict situations; support for women in legislature positions; setting new standards for gender parity; economic empowerment of women especial in addressing poverty; and zero tolerance for gender-based violence. She acknowledged the power of the Internet to develop advocacy platforms and help programs like Girl Guides reach out. “Gender justice is at the core of a culture of peace,” she concluded. Director of the UNESCO office in New York, Philippe Kridelka, reviewed scientific findings and historical events, like slave trade, that confirm the importance of a culture of peace. UNESCO’s commitment to peace is evident throughout its sectors, including education, science, culture and communication. 上午一个研讨会的主题为“人类的核心议程和平文化：新型伙伴关系，新型发展模式”，在北草坪大楼2号会议室举行。在巴哈马联邦驻联合国大使保莉特·贝瑟尔的主持下，第一位发言者是联合国和平建设支持办公室副秘书长朱迪·陈·霍普金女士。联合国妇女署副秘书长和副执行主任拉克希米·普瑞强调，考虑到世界上35亿的妇女数量，以及其在关爱、共担和培育未来新生代的角色的重要性，保障性别平等是实现和平文化的关键。她幽默地说：“我们可能会被指责在性别上观念陈旧，但这是事实。”普瑞谈到需要考虑妇女在冲突和冲突后的处境，支持妇女在立法机关占有一席之地，呼吁设置性别平等的新标准，特别是应赋予妇女在解决贫困时的相应经济权力和对性别暴力行为采取“零容忍”。她承认互联网是良好的宣传平台，能帮助类似于“女童军”国际组织的拓展。她总结说：“性别公正是和平文化的核心。”联合国教科文组织纽约办公室主任，菲利·开瑞德卡回顾了重大科学发现和历史事件，比如奴隶贸易，以此证明和平文化的重要性。联合国对于和平的承诺明显地涵盖各行各业，包括教育、科学、文化和传播交流等。
Mr. Mario Lubetkin, Director General of the Inter Press Service, noted that all ideas need better participation and communication, and emphasized the importance of media to shine light on efforts towards peace. Ms. Christine Mangale, youth peace activist and Programme Coordinator for Africa of the Lutheran Office for World Community, noted that sustainability of peace can only be ensured by building the capacity of youth, to help them to “not be vulnerable.” She recommended training young people in peace negotiation skills, ensuring allocation of resources to involve youth, and involving youth-based organizations, as well as promoting peace through arts and music. “I realized we had energy to create nonviolence especially in Africa,” she said.
国际新闻社总干事马里·赖伯金先生指出，所有的想法都需要更好地参与和沟通，并强调了媒体在实现和平的努力中的闪光点和重要作用。青年和平活动家和非洲路德世界社区办公室项目协调员克里斯汀·曼格拉女士指出，只能通过提高青年的能力，帮助他们变得不再脆弱，才能保障持久的和平。她建议培训青年的和平谈判技巧、确保青年和青年组织参与资源的分配，以及通过艺术和音乐促进和平。她说：“我意识到我们有力量创造非暴力的氛围，特别是在非洲。”
An afternoon panel on “Strengthening the global movement, advancing the implementation of the UN Programme of Action on Culture of Peace: the Way Forward” was moderated by the Senior Special Advisor to the President of the 66th session of UN General Assembly and former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations, H.E. Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury, a long-time distinguished advocate for the Culture of Peace.
“We have to realize we are one humanity . . . Let’s commit ourselves to remember we do make a difference,” said panelist Ms. Avon Mattison, President of the UN-accredited NGO, Pathways to Peace. Jeff Abramson, Director of the Control Arms Campaign Secretariat, reported positive support on arms control for peace from the UN Secretary-General and humanitarian agencies but pointed out challenges in achieving consensus. Continuing this theme, Ms. Maria Butler, Project Director of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) pointed out two issues central to peace are demilitarization and gender equity. She recounted a powerful experience meeting a woman who was stripped and beaten but whose message was not hate but justice. 下午举行的研讨会，主题为“加强全球性的运动、推进联合国和平文化行动计划的实施：前进之路”。主持人为第66届联合国大会主席的高级特别顾问，前联合国副秘书长安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使，他一直以来都是和平文化的杰出倡导者。
研讨会成员，联合国认可的非政府组织“和平之路”主席雅芳马蒂森女士说：“我们必须认识到，我们人类是一体的……让我们铭记要有所作为的承诺。”军控运动秘书处主任杰夫·艾布拉姆森积极支持联合国秘书长和人道主义机构关于军控的呼吁，但他指出，问题的挑战在于取得共识。研讨会中，国际妇女和平自由联盟的项目总监玛丽亚·巴特勒女士指出关于和平的两个核心问题——非军事化和性别平等。她讲述了一位被剥夺权力甚至殴打的女士坚持正义、以德报怨的经历，十分有感染力。
Ms. Cherine Badawi, Curriculum and Training Coordinator for Generation Waking Up that ignites youth for a sustainable world, drew applause with her message of hope from young people that a culture of peace can be reached. She related how she knows about tolerance from personal experience, growing up “with one foot in Egypt and another in the U.S. in Greensboro, North Carolina as the only Arab kid in her class,” when her kindergarten peers called her names for her hairdo and made fun of the smell of her lunch (from her culture’s traditional use of garlic).
Mr. Philip Hellmich from the California-based Shift Network described the Summer of Peace that served to “inspire, inform and involve people around the world” in actions of peace and tele-summits interviewing young peacemakers with inspiring stories, “Yes you can and we will.” He credited his own inspiration for peace and appreciation for the important role of civil society when (1) working for the “Search for Common Ground” NGO whose Global Kids Network radio-shows give kids a voice to report news and enact “soap” dramas about reconciliation, and (2) working for the Peace Corps in Sierra Leone in peaceful times but then exposed to the 10-year violence and civil war in that country, a journey documented in his new book, “God in Conflict: A search for peace in a time of crisis.”
“觉醒的一代”组织旨在为青年创造一个可持续发展的世界。该组织的课程和培训协调员切丽·巴达维女士的发言获得一片掌声。她指出，和平文化达成的希望在于青年。她以个人的经历描述了她对容忍的理解。在她成长的过程中，一个阶段在埃及生活，另一阶段是在美国北卡罗莱纳州的格林斯博罗市度过的。作为她班级里唯一的阿拉伯孩子，她的幼儿园同学以她的发型给她取外号，取笑她午饭的气味（在其传统文化中习惯使用大蒜做饭），这些她都可以容忍。
来自加利福尼亚州移相网络的菲利普·黑尔米希先生描述了“和平夏日”活动。该活动旨在激发、告知与聚集世界各地的人们参与和平行动，并在电子峰会远程采访年轻的和平缔造者，分享他们激励人心的故事。“是的，你可以！而我们也会这么做！”他相信自己对追求和平的激励，并赞赏公民社会在其中的重要作用。他曾效力于“寻找共同点”的非政府组织，其全球儿童网络电台节目给了孩子们报道新闻并参与关于和解的肥皂剧演出的机会。他还曾在塞拉利昂的和平时期效力于驻塞和平部队，随之遭遇了该国10年的暴力和内战，这也是在他的新书中记录的一段人生旅程：《争战中的上帝：在危机中探求和平》。
As spokesperson for the Global Movement for the Culture of Peace, Ms. Sharon Deep congratulated the General Assembly President Al-Nasser for “keeping an open door to civil society.” Heralding a message of one world for peace and as part of a cosmic movement for the creation of the culture of peace, she had pre-organized the audience to hold up flags of the nations and invited everyone to join in “one voice to spread all goodwill.” The audience joined her in chanting, “There ain’t no power like the power of the people cause the power of the people won’t stop...” Panelists quoted iconic messages of peace from Bob Marley, Einstein and Mahatma Gandhi , “My Life is My Message,” signifying that words of peace mean nothing if they are not backed by action. Audience members mentioned the value of co-creating the culture of peace; meditating together; organizations like BethePeace.org; and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, with steps to apologize, take responsibility, and ask for reconciliation.
全球和平文化运动的发言人沙龙·蒂普女士赞赏大会主席纳赛尔“坚持为公民社会开一扇大门”的主张。她提前组织听众举旗，并邀请大家参加“同声传心愿”活动。加入活动的听众齐声说：“有一种力量，来自人类之间的相互传递和激发，生生不息……”，这是构建一个和平世界的信号，也是创造和平文化的全民行动。
有些小组成员引述鲍勃·马利、爱因斯坦和甘地的话，“用生命履行承诺”。他们以此名言表明，如果缺乏行动的支持，倡导和平的言语都将没有任何意义。听众中有人提到共同创造和平文化的价值、共同反思、和平组织、联合国土著人民权利宣言及其采取的道歉、承担责任、请求和解等行动。
In the concluding session, UN Deputy Secretary-General Jan Eliasson condemned the violence in Libya and recalled that former UN Secretary- General Dag Hammarskjold, who tragically died in plane crash while on a peace mission, favored evening gatherings, listening to music, as pathways to intimate understanding of peace. On a serious note, he said, “Without peace there is no development” and that “Nobody can do everything but everybody can do something.”
Federico Mayor, summarized the goals of security and peace, and education for all; rights in the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and constitution of UNESCO, making citizens free and responsible; use of new technologies to create a global community; persuading rulers and powers to keep peace; and partnerships including with civil society, to promote capacity. He concluded, “Peace is reachable- no change is beyond human capacity.” The President of the General Assembly expressed appreciation to all participants, reinforced the importance of putting youth and women at the center and involving NGOs; and affirmed his commitment to encourage his successor President to make this high level forum an annual event.
在闭幕会议上，联合国副秘书长扬·埃利亚松谴责在利比亚的暴力行为，并回顾了在一次和平任务中因飞机坠毁而死亡的联合国前秘书长达格·哈马舍尔德。他喜欢晚间聚会、听音乐，并将此作为深刻理解和平的途径。他严正地警告：“没有和平，就没有发展！”他还说：“没有人能够做一切，但每个人都可以做一些事情。”
费德里科·马约尔在总结时谈到安全、和平和全民教育的目标；《世界人权宣言》序文和联合国教科文组织章程中规定的权力，使公民自由而有责任感；使用新技术创建一个全球性的新社区；说服统治者和相关势力维持和平；创造和平的伙伴关系应包括民间社会，他们的参与能提高实现和平的能力。他总结道：“和平是可达成的，人的潜能可做出任何的改变。”大会主席对所有与会者表示感谢，他强调将青年和妇女列为核心关注对象，强调非政府组织参与和平建设的重要性。他重申他的和平承诺，并鼓励其继任者每年举行这个高层论坛。
In the question and answer period, a statement was presented by Ambassador Hussein Haniff of Malaysia, acknowledging the Programme of Action as “the most profound blueprint for peace ever adopted by the UN” and inviting participation in a Global Movement of the Moderates to “rally the moderates, the majority of peace-loving people from all over the world . . . to counter and drown the voices of the extremists.” Audience members pointed out the role of youth to promote peace and tolerance, through organizations like Peacemaker Corps, as well as the value of training first responders to bring about the culture of peace. 在问答环节，马来西亚大使侯赛因·哈尼夫作了陈述。他认为联合国发起的创建和平的行动纲领是伟大的蓝图，并邀请大家参与全球性温和派运动，“团结温和派——来自世界各地的多数和平爱好者……以打击、淹没极端分子的声音。”听众指出，青年通过类似“和平队”的组织促进和平和宽容所发挥的重要作用，以及训练创造和平文化的第一反应的重要性。
In an interview, Ambassador Chowdhury, a Trustee of the New York City Peace Museum, said “We are looking into the psychology of teaching children about peace. Children must grow up with peace. Instead of giving toy guns to children, give them peace toys. Also, teach them how to spell ‘peace’, since children use the word ‘hate’ too often, saying things like ‘I hate broccoli.’ Encouraged by the Forum and the progress of the campaign for the culture of peace at the UN, the Ambassador said, “We have now proposed holding of a High Level Forum for the Culture of Peace every year on 13 September, the day on which the UN Programme of Action on Culture for Peace was adopted by the General Assembly in 1999.”
在接受记者采访时，纽约市和平博物馆的负责人乔德哈瑞大使说：“我们正在从心理学角度寻找教导孩子热爱和平的方法。孩子们一定要在和平中成长。我们不能给孩子儿童玩具枪，而要给他们‘和平玩具’。此外，孩子们过分频繁地使用‘恨’这个字眼，他们经常会说类似于‘我恨西兰花’这样的话。因此我们要教他们如何拼写‘和平’一词。”在论坛和联合国和平文化活动的鼓励下，乔德哈瑞大使说：“我们提议每年9月13日，联合国和平文化行动计划于1999年在联大获得通过的日子，都举行一次高级别和平文化论坛。”
Originally published in the January 2013 issue of the IAAP Bulletin, and reprinted by kind permission of the International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP)
本文最初发表于2013年1月发出的IAAP公报中，经国际应用心理学协会（IAAP）许可再版。
This is the core message of the UN President of the 66th session of the General Assembly H.E. Mr. Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser, who convened the United Nations High-Level Forum on the Culture of Peace, held at UN headquarters in New York City on 14 September 2012. The day-long forum brought together UN Ambassadors, representatives of UN system entities and civil society, including NGOs, media, the private sector and other interested stakeholders, to exchange ideas and suggest ways to build and promote an ongoing culture of peace.
“相互尊重和合作的精神，是我们在各级建立和平文化的坚定基石。”
这是联合国第66届大会主席纳西尔·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·纳赛尔先生于2012年9月14日在纽约联合国总部召开的以“和平文化”为主题的联合国高级别论坛上表达的核心信息。为期一天的论坛汇集了各国驻联合国大使、联合国系统机构和公民社会的代表，包括来自非政府组织、媒体、私营部门和其他利益攸关方的代表。他们在一起交换意见和建议，为建立和促进正在发展的和平文化而集思广益。
The forum builds on UN reports and annual resolutions, dating back to resolution 53/243 on the Declaration of Action on a Culture of Peace adopted by consensus of the member states in 1999. Given the end of the period 2001 to 2012, which was declared by the UN as “The International decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World” (53/25), this first-ever General Assembly High Level Forum was intended to continue the both individual and collective efforts towards global peace.
本次论坛建立在联合国报告和年度决议的基础上，这可追溯到1999年各成员国一致通过的和平文化行动宣言的第53/243号决议。联合国宣布2001-2012为“世界儿童和平非暴力文化国际十年”(53/25)，在这个阶段的尾声召开本届前所未有的联大高级别论坛的目的是通过个人和集体的共同努力，继续为实现全球和平而努力。
At the morning session in the impressive UN General Assembly Hall, the President renewed his commitment to the culture of peace, defined as a set of values based on tolerance and respect for diversity as well as on trust, nonviolence, dialogue and understanding to settle differences, in stark contrast to “an eye for an eye”-approach. He outlined themes, reiterated throughout the day, that
(1) All sectors of society must be engaged, with civil society taking a primary role, including parents, teachers, interfaith religious leaders and artists; (2) Youth and women must be at the forefront and in full participation; (3) Education is the focus, with peace education essential; (4) Everyone should do one action of peace; and (5) Peace and development go hand in hand.
上午，在宏伟的联合国大会厅举行的会议上，大会主席重申了他对于和平文化的承诺，他认为和平文化是基于“包容、尊重多样性，以及通过相互信任、非暴力、对话和理解解决分歧”的一系列价值观，这与“以眼还眼”的方式形成了鲜明的对比。他简要介绍了贯穿大会一整天的主题： （1）社会各界，包括家长、教师、不同信仰的宗教领袖和艺术家在内必须与公民一起参与和平文化的建设;（2）青年和妇女必须走在和平文化建设的前列，充分参与其中;（3）教育是重点，和平教育必不可少;（4）每个人都应该为和平出一份力;（5）和平与发展齐头并进。
UN Secretary- General Ban Ki-moon reiterated his call for disarmament and emphasized peace education that does not glorify war as key in his new global initiative, “Education First.” The campaign gives every child the opportunity to attend school, to strengthen core values. The President of the Foundation for Culture of Peace and the UBUNTU Forum, H.E. Mr. Federico Mayor, predicted change from the impossibilities of today to the possibilities of tomorrow. Advocate for peace, civil rights and women’s rights, President of the Hague Appeal for Peace Cora Weiss implored that it is “time to abolish war” and thanked the organizers for opening the space for civil society to participate. Stressing the importance of upholding UN resolution 1325 about women’s rights, she argued that poverty is violence, that women are subject to poverty, and that the larger the gap between men and women, the more likely a nation will be mired in conflict. The UN commitment to the culture of peace offers hope.
联合国秘书长潘基文再次呼吁裁军，并在他的新全球倡议“教育第一”中强调不美化战争的和平教育的关键作用。“教育第一”的活动给每一个孩子提供上学的机会，并通过教育加强其核心价值观。和平文化基金会和乌班图论坛主席费德里科·马约尔先生预测说今日的不可能性在明日就将转变为可能性。海牙和平会议主席科拉·威斯提倡和平、公民权利和妇女权利，她恳求“消灭战争”，并感谢主办单位为公民社会提供了参与空间。她强调坚持联合国有关妇女权利的第1325号决议的重要性。她认为，贫困也是一种暴力，世界上有些妇女正在遭受贫困，男性和女性之间差距越大，国家陷入冲突的可能性越大。联合国关于和平文化的承诺带来了希望。
Following a musical interlude by a flutist Eileen Ain, psychotherapist and NGO representative to the UN, Ambassadors from eight countries took the podium to affirm their country’s commitment to the culture of peace. Ambassador Abdul Momen of Bangladesh noted his country’s lead in UN peacekeeping and commitment to gender equality and fundamental principles of ethnic diversity and harmony to bring about a world where harmony overcomes hatred, and where love and tolerance overcomes intolerance. Ambassador Jean-Francis Zinsou of Benin emphasized the essential need for spirituality and democracy within an ongoing objective of peace. He described that using dialogue moved Benin from a monolithic to a democratic society and spared the country from war. Mankind can only grow in peace, he said, and that the cornerstones of peace include gender equality and freedom of speech.
长笛演奏家、心理治疗师艾琳·艾因是非政府组织在联合国的代表。在她演奏音乐间奏后，来自八个国家的大使走上讲台，确认各自国家政府对构建和平文化的承诺。孟加拉国大使阿卜杜勒·莫门指出孟加拉国在联合国维和行动中身先士卒。他对保障性别平等、种族多样性及和谐相处的基本原则做出承诺，并表示希望能以和谐克服世界的仇恨，以爱和宽容克服世界的狭隘。贝宁大使让·弗朗西斯·津苏强调精神和民主是正在构建的和平的基本条件。他描述了贝宁通过对话从独裁社会向民主社会的转变，以及其摆脱战争困扰的过程。他说，人类只有在和平中才能良好地成长，而和平的基石包括性别平等和言论自由。 Ambassador Eduardo Ulibarri of Costa Rica celebrated the culture of peace in the context of education and civil society. Ambassador Gert Rosenthal of Guatemala emphasized a multi-lingual, multi-cultural society as essential to peace, while Acting Ambassador Akan Rakhmetullin of Kazakhstan said his country will seek solutions through education, empowerment of youth, harnessing media, and the support of civil society to encourage resilience and make peace a part of daily life. Ambassador Joaquin Maza Martelli of El Salvador noted his country’s progress towards peace. The nation’s commitment to mental health was evident at the launch of the World Health Organization Quality Rights campaign with a toolkit available on the internet. Ambassador Libran Cabactulan of the Philippinescondemned the “cowardly attack on the US embassy in Libya, and defamation of Prophet Mohammed.” In this light, he expressed support of UNESCO’s Resolution to proclaim 2013–2023 as the Decade of International Rapprochement of Cultures, especially given the formal end of the MDGs in 2015. He further recognized the role of technology and Internet in achieving peace. Ambassador Baso Sangqu of South Africa quoted the UN Secretary General that “the world is over armed and peace is underfunded.” Noting that his nation has produced four Nobel Peace Laureates, he committed that his country “will not relent in effort to build a better world for all.”
哥斯达黎加大使爱德华多·尤里巴瑞赞美教育和公民社会中的和平文化。危地马拉大使格特·罗森塔尔强调，多语种、多文化的社会对于和平至关重要。哈萨克斯坦的代理大使阿坎·拉克门杜林说，他的国家将通过教育、对青年的激励、对媒体的治理和来自民间社会的支持，鼓励人民养成乐观的性格，使和平成为人们日常生活的一部分，并以此作为维系和平的途径。萨尔瓦多大使华金·马萨马尔泰利描述了该国的和平进程，并称该国致力于维护国民心理健康的努力成果是显而易见的。随着世界卫生组织质量与权利运动的开展，该国在互联网上推出了一款可供大众使用的维护心理健康的工具包。菲律宾大使利班·卡巴库兰谴责了对驻利比亚美国大使馆的“卑鄙攻击和对先知穆罕默德的诋毁”。有鉴于此，他表示支持联合国教科文组织关于宣2013年至2023年为“国际文化和睦十年”的决议，特别是考虑到联合国千年发展目标将在2015年正式结束。他进一步提到技术和互联网对于实现和平的作用。南非的贝索·桑库大使引述联合国秘书长的话“世界被过分武装而实现和平却资金不足”。他指出，南非已经产生了四个诺贝尔和平奖获得者，他承诺他的国家将“不遗余力地努力建设一个更美好的世界”。
A morning panel was held on “The Culture of Peace in the core of humanity’s agenda: New partnerships, new developments,” in the North Lawn Building Conference Room 2. Moderated by the Ambassador of the Commonwealth of Bahamas to the United Nations, Paulette Bethel, the first speaker was Ms. Judy Cheng-Hopkins, Assistant Secretary-General for the UN office of Peacebuilding Support. UN Assistant Secretary-General and Deputy Executive Director of UN Women Lakshmi Puri emphasized that gender equality is critical to achieving a culture of peace, given the numbers of women in the world (3.5 billion) and women’s role in caring, sharing and nurturing a future generation. “We can be accused of reverse gender stereotyping, but it’s true,” she admitted with humor. Puri enumerated the need to consider women in the context of conflict and post- conflict situations; support for women in legislature positions; setting new standards for gender parity; economic empowerment of women especial in addressing poverty; and zero tolerance for gender-based violence. She acknowledged the power of the Internet to develop advocacy platforms and help programs like Girl Guides reach out. “Gender justice is at the core of a culture of peace,” she concluded. Director of the UNESCO office in New York, Philippe Kridelka, reviewed scientific findings and historical events, like slave trade, that confirm the importance of a culture of peace. UNESCO’s commitment to peace is evident throughout its sectors, including education, science, culture and communication. 上午一个研讨会的主题为“人类的核心议程和平文化：新型伙伴关系，新型发展模式”，在北草坪大楼2号会议室举行。在巴哈马联邦驻联合国大使保莉特·贝瑟尔的主持下，第一位发言者是联合国和平建设支持办公室副秘书长朱迪·陈·霍普金女士。联合国妇女署副秘书长和副执行主任拉克希米·普瑞强调，考虑到世界上35亿的妇女数量，以及其在关爱、共担和培育未来新生代的角色的重要性，保障性别平等是实现和平文化的关键。她幽默地说：“我们可能会被指责在性别上观念陈旧，但这是事实。”普瑞谈到需要考虑妇女在冲突和冲突后的处境，支持妇女在立法机关占有一席之地，呼吁设置性别平等的新标准，特别是应赋予妇女在解决贫困时的相应经济权力和对性别暴力行为采取“零容忍”。她承认互联网是良好的宣传平台，能帮助类似于“女童军”国际组织的拓展。她总结说：“性别公正是和平文化的核心。”联合国教科文组织纽约办公室主任，菲利·开瑞德卡回顾了重大科学发现和历史事件，比如奴隶贸易，以此证明和平文化的重要性。联合国对于和平的承诺明显地涵盖各行各业，包括教育、科学、文化和传播交流等。
Mr. Mario Lubetkin, Director General of the Inter Press Service, noted that all ideas need better participation and communication, and emphasized the importance of media to shine light on efforts towards peace. Ms. Christine Mangale, youth peace activist and Programme Coordinator for Africa of the Lutheran Office for World Community, noted that sustainability of peace can only be ensured by building the capacity of youth, to help them to “not be vulnerable.” She recommended training young people in peace negotiation skills, ensuring allocation of resources to involve youth, and involving youth-based organizations, as well as promoting peace through arts and music. “I realized we had energy to create nonviolence especially in Africa,” she said.
国际新闻社总干事马里·赖伯金先生指出，所有的想法都需要更好地参与和沟通，并强调了媒体在实现和平的努力中的闪光点和重要作用。青年和平活动家和非洲路德世界社区办公室项目协调员克里斯汀·曼格拉女士指出，只能通过提高青年的能力，帮助他们变得不再脆弱，才能保障持久的和平。她建议培训青年的和平谈判技巧、确保青年和青年组织参与资源的分配，以及通过艺术和音乐促进和平。她说：“我意识到我们有力量创造非暴力的氛围，特别是在非洲。”
An afternoon panel on “Strengthening the global movement, advancing the implementation of the UN Programme of Action on Culture of Peace: the Way Forward” was moderated by the Senior Special Advisor to the President of the 66th session of UN General Assembly and former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations, H.E. Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury, a long-time distinguished advocate for the Culture of Peace.
“We have to realize we are one humanity . . . Let’s commit ourselves to remember we do make a difference,” said panelist Ms. Avon Mattison, President of the UN-accredited NGO, Pathways to Peace. Jeff Abramson, Director of the Control Arms Campaign Secretariat, reported positive support on arms control for peace from the UN Secretary-General and humanitarian agencies but pointed out challenges in achieving consensus. Continuing this theme, Ms. Maria Butler, Project Director of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) pointed out two issues central to peace are demilitarization and gender equity. She recounted a powerful experience meeting a woman who was stripped and beaten but whose message was not hate but justice. 下午举行的研讨会，主题为“加强全球性的运动、推进联合国和平文化行动计划的实施：前进之路”。主持人为第66届联合国大会主席的高级特别顾问，前联合国副秘书长安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使，他一直以来都是和平文化的杰出倡导者。
研讨会成员，联合国认可的非政府组织“和平之路”主席雅芳马蒂森女士说：“我们必须认识到，我们人类是一体的……让我们铭记要有所作为的承诺。”军控运动秘书处主任杰夫·艾布拉姆森积极支持联合国秘书长和人道主义机构关于军控的呼吁，但他指出，问题的挑战在于取得共识。研讨会中，国际妇女和平自由联盟的项目总监玛丽亚·巴特勒女士指出关于和平的两个核心问题——非军事化和性别平等。她讲述了一位被剥夺权力甚至殴打的女士坚持正义、以德报怨的经历，十分有感染力。
Ms. Cherine Badawi, Curriculum and Training Coordinator for Generation Waking Up that ignites youth for a sustainable world, drew applause with her message of hope from young people that a culture of peace can be reached. She related how she knows about tolerance from personal experience, growing up “with one foot in Egypt and another in the U.S. in Greensboro, North Carolina as the only Arab kid in her class,” when her kindergarten peers called her names for her hairdo and made fun of the smell of her lunch (from her culture’s traditional use of garlic).
Mr. Philip Hellmich from the California-based Shift Network described the Summer of Peace that served to “inspire, inform and involve people around the world” in actions of peace and tele-summits interviewing young peacemakers with inspiring stories, “Yes you can and we will.” He credited his own inspiration for peace and appreciation for the important role of civil society when (1) working for the “Search for Common Ground” NGO whose Global Kids Network radio-shows give kids a voice to report news and enact “soap” dramas about reconciliation, and (2) working for the Peace Corps in Sierra Leone in peaceful times but then exposed to the 10-year violence and civil war in that country, a journey documented in his new book, “God in Conflict: A search for peace in a time of crisis.”
“觉醒的一代”组织旨在为青年创造一个可持续发展的世界。该组织的课程和培训协调员切丽·巴达维女士的发言获得一片掌声。她指出，和平文化达成的希望在于青年。她以个人的经历描述了她对容忍的理解。在她成长的过程中，一个阶段在埃及生活，另一阶段是在美国北卡罗莱纳州的格林斯博罗市度过的。作为她班级里唯一的阿拉伯孩子，她的幼儿园同学以她的发型给她取外号，取笑她午饭的气味（在其传统文化中习惯使用大蒜做饭），这些她都可以容忍。
来自加利福尼亚州移相网络的菲利普·黑尔米希先生描述了“和平夏日”活动。该活动旨在激发、告知与聚集世界各地的人们参与和平行动，并在电子峰会远程采访年轻的和平缔造者，分享他们激励人心的故事。“是的，你可以！而我们也会这么做！”他相信自己对追求和平的激励，并赞赏公民社会在其中的重要作用。他曾效力于“寻找共同点”的非政府组织，其全球儿童网络电台节目给了孩子们报道新闻并参与关于和解的肥皂剧演出的机会。他还曾在塞拉利昂的和平时期效力于驻塞和平部队，随之遭遇了该国10年的暴力和内战，这也是在他的新书中记录的一段人生旅程：《争战中的上帝：在危机中探求和平》。
As spokesperson for the Global Movement for the Culture of Peace, Ms. Sharon Deep congratulated the General Assembly President Al-Nasser for “keeping an open door to civil society.” Heralding a message of one world for peace and as part of a cosmic movement for the creation of the culture of peace, she had pre-organized the audience to hold up flags of the nations and invited everyone to join in “one voice to spread all goodwill.” The audience joined her in chanting, “There ain’t no power like the power of the people cause the power of the people won’t stop...” Panelists quoted iconic messages of peace from Bob Marley, Einstein and Mahatma Gandhi , “My Life is My Message,” signifying that words of peace mean nothing if they are not backed by action. Audience members mentioned the value of co-creating the culture of peace; meditating together; organizations like BethePeace.org; and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, with steps to apologize, take responsibility, and ask for reconciliation.
全球和平文化运动的发言人沙龙·蒂普女士赞赏大会主席纳赛尔“坚持为公民社会开一扇大门”的主张。她提前组织听众举旗，并邀请大家参加“同声传心愿”活动。加入活动的听众齐声说：“有一种力量，来自人类之间的相互传递和激发，生生不息……”，这是构建一个和平世界的信号，也是创造和平文化的全民行动。
有些小组成员引述鲍勃·马利、爱因斯坦和甘地的话，“用生命履行承诺”。他们以此名言表明，如果缺乏行动的支持，倡导和平的言语都将没有任何意义。听众中有人提到共同创造和平文化的价值、共同反思、和平组织、联合国土著人民权利宣言及其采取的道歉、承担责任、请求和解等行动。
In the concluding session, UN Deputy Secretary-General Jan Eliasson condemned the violence in Libya and recalled that former UN Secretary- General Dag Hammarskjold, who tragically died in plane crash while on a peace mission, favored evening gatherings, listening to music, as pathways to intimate understanding of peace. On a serious note, he said, “Without peace there is no development” and that “Nobody can do everything but everybody can do something.”
Federico Mayor, summarized the goals of security and peace, and education for all; rights in the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and constitution of UNESCO, making citizens free and responsible; use of new technologies to create a global community; persuading rulers and powers to keep peace; and partnerships including with civil society, to promote capacity. He concluded, “Peace is reachable- no change is beyond human capacity.” The President of the General Assembly expressed appreciation to all participants, reinforced the importance of putting youth and women at the center and involving NGOs; and affirmed his commitment to encourage his successor President to make this high level forum an annual event.
在闭幕会议上，联合国副秘书长扬·埃利亚松谴责在利比亚的暴力行为，并回顾了在一次和平任务中因飞机坠毁而死亡的联合国前秘书长达格·哈马舍尔德。他喜欢晚间聚会、听音乐，并将此作为深刻理解和平的途径。他严正地警告：“没有和平，就没有发展！”他还说：“没有人能够做一切，但每个人都可以做一些事情。”
费德里科·马约尔在总结时谈到安全、和平和全民教育的目标；《世界人权宣言》序文和联合国教科文组织章程中规定的权力，使公民自由而有责任感；使用新技术创建一个全球性的新社区；说服统治者和相关势力维持和平；创造和平的伙伴关系应包括民间社会，他们的参与能提高实现和平的能力。他总结道：“和平是可达成的，人的潜能可做出任何的改变。”大会主席对所有与会者表示感谢，他强调将青年和妇女列为核心关注对象，强调非政府组织参与和平建设的重要性。他重申他的和平承诺，并鼓励其继任者每年举行这个高层论坛。
In the question and answer period, a statement was presented by Ambassador Hussein Haniff of Malaysia, acknowledging the Programme of Action as “the most profound blueprint for peace ever adopted by the UN” and inviting participation in a Global Movement of the Moderates to “rally the moderates, the majority of peace-loving people from all over the world . . . to counter and drown the voices of the extremists.” Audience members pointed out the role of youth to promote peace and tolerance, through organizations like Peacemaker Corps, as well as the value of training first responders to bring about the culture of peace. 在问答环节，马来西亚大使侯赛因·哈尼夫作了陈述。他认为联合国发起的创建和平的行动纲领是伟大的蓝图，并邀请大家参与全球性温和派运动，“团结温和派——来自世界各地的多数和平爱好者……以打击、淹没极端分子的声音。”听众指出，青年通过类似“和平队”的组织促进和平和宽容所发挥的重要作用，以及训练创造和平文化的第一反应的重要性。
In an interview, Ambassador Chowdhury, a Trustee of the New York City Peace Museum, said “We are looking into the psychology of teaching children about peace. Children must grow up with peace. Instead of giving toy guns to children, give them peace toys. Also, teach them how to spell ‘peace’, since children use the word ‘hate’ too often, saying things like ‘I hate broccoli.’ Encouraged by the Forum and the progress of the campaign for the culture of peace at the UN, the Ambassador said, “We have now proposed holding of a High Level Forum for the Culture of Peace every year on 13 September, the day on which the UN Programme of Action on Culture for Peace was adopted by the General Assembly in 1999.”
在接受记者采访时，纽约市和平博物馆的负责人乔德哈瑞大使说：“我们正在从心理学角度寻找教导孩子热爱和平的方法。孩子们一定要在和平中成长。我们不能给孩子儿童玩具枪，而要给他们‘和平玩具’。此外，孩子们过分频繁地使用‘恨’这个字眼，他们经常会说类似于‘我恨西兰花’这样的话。因此我们要教他们如何拼写‘和平’一词。”在论坛和联合国和平文化活动的鼓励下，乔德哈瑞大使说：“我们提议每年9月13日，联合国和平文化行动计划于1999年在联大获得通过的日子，都举行一次高级别和平文化论坛。”
Originally published in the January 2013 issue of the IAAP Bulletin, and reprinted by kind permission of the International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP)
本文最初发表于2013年1月发出的IAAP公报中，经国际应用心理学协会（IAAP）许可再版。