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当代中国和谐社会的发展目标作为重大的实践主题,需要我们理论的自觉,为此,我们约请清华大学哲学系的5位学者集中围绕“和谐社会与文化”这一议题撰写了一组笔谈。这组笔谈的主要观点有:(1)和谐社会是科学发展观的价值旨归,而培育和谐文化是建设和谐社会的前提条件。科学发展观应该立足时代彰显其丰富的人文内涵,现代化亦需要有自觉的人文精神的支撑;论文在对中国和谐社会建设过程中诸多文化失范现象的考察分析的基础上,进一步对如何构筑和谐社会的文化基础做了阐发。(2)和谐社会的构建是马克思哲学的内在意蕴,但马克思和谐思想并非停留在“应然”层面的价值诉求,而是以理性尺度与价值尺度之间内在的逻辑张力展开对现实生活过程的剖析,这一独特智慧通过生产力与生产关系的和谐、历史决定性与人的能动性的统一、人与环境的相互改造等思想体现出来。观照其逻辑张力并拓展其价值尺度和理性尺度,对当下构建和谐社会有着积极的理论和实践意义。(3)中国现代性建设需要从正反两方面吸取西方现代性建设的经验。现代性是现代社会生活或组织模式,西方的现代性精神推动了西方社会的现代化过程,也给社会带来了负面影响。构建社会主义和谐社会有助于扼制工具理性在我国社会中泛滥,促进人与自然和谐共处,避免虚无主义的盛行,保证中国现代性建设顺利进行。(4)建构社会主义和谐社会是一次伟大的历史实践。任何实践活动都包含着否定性的维度,即外部世界与人的双重否定的关系。这一原理决定了任何通过实践求得进步发展的活动都必然会付出相应的代价。在和谐社会的建构过程中对实践的否定性加以扬弃,将损失和代价减到最少,也应是和谐社会实践拓展的一个应有之义。为此要处理好人与自然生态的关系和人与文化生态的关系。(5)社会是由作为个体的人组成,个体的人的完善作为人的全面发展的条件,无疑构成了和谐社会建设的重要前提。从人的二重性现实出发,个体完善必须关注人的物质利益与精神需求,努力营造个体与整体之间关系的和谐,并将以人为本的发展理念落到实处。我们期待上述观点能引起学术界关注并积极参与这一话题的讨论。
As a major practical theme, the development goal of a harmonious society in contemporary China needs the conscientiousness of our theories. To this end, we have invited five scholars from the Department of Philosophy of Tsinghua University to write a series of written articles focusing on the issue of “harmonious society and culture.” The main points of this set of writing are: (1) Harmonious society is the value goal of the scientific concept of development, and fostering a harmonious culture is a prerequisite for building a harmonious society. The scientific concept of development should be based on the times to demonstrate its rich cultural connotation, modernization also need to have a conscious humanistic spirit of support; thesis in the process of building a harmonious society in China on the basis of many cultural anomie phenomenon, further on how to build a harmonious society The cultural basis of the elucidation. (2) The construction of a harmonious society is the intrinsic implication of Marxist philosophy. However, Marx’s harmonious thought does not rest on the value demand of the “should” level, but starts from the inherent logical tension between the rational and the value scales Analysis, this unique wisdom through the harmony of productive forces and production relations, historical decisiveness and the unity of human initiative, the transformation of man and the environment and other ideas embodied. Viewing its logical tension and expanding its value and rationality, it has positive theoretical and practical significance for building a harmonious society. (3) China’s modernity construction needs to draw on the positive and negative experiences of the western modernity construction. Modernity is the mode of life or organization in modern society. The modern spirit of the West has promoted the process of the modernization of Western society and also brought negative influence to the society. Building a socialist harmonious society helps to curb the proliferation of instrumental rationality in our society, promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, avoid the prevalence of nihilism, and ensure the smooth progress of China’s modernity. (4) Constructing a harmonious socialist society is a great historical practice. Any practical activity involves a negative dimension, that is, the double negative relationship between the outside world and people. This principle determines that any activities that seek progress through practice are bound to pay a corresponding price. In the process of constructing a harmonious society, we should abandon the negation of practice and minimize losses and costs, which should also be a due meaning for the practice and expansion of a harmonious society. To do this, it is necessary to handle the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and cultural ecology. (5) Society is composed of individuals as individuals, and the perfection of individuals as the conditions for the all-round development of human beings undoubtedly constitutes an important precondition for the construction of a harmonious society. From the reality of the duality of human beings, the improvement of an individual must pay attention to the material and spiritual needs of the human being, strive to create a harmonious relationship between the individual and the whole, and implement the people-oriented development concept. We expect this view to draw the attention of academics and actively participate in the discussion of this topic.