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新加坡是东南亚的一个岛国,其国土面积仅为600多平方公里,相当于中国的一个县城。新加坡每平方公里人口高达6430人,是世界上人口密度最高的地区之一。然而就是这样一个密集的弹丸之地却在世界上第一次兑现了“居者有其屋”的承诺,以政府的力量实现了绝大多数国民的安居梦。新加坡建国初期,多数国民的居住条件恶劣,平均每一户居民不足一间居室。据官方统计,当时200万人口中有40%的家庭住在贫民窟或棚户区,能够住上像样住宅的人口只占居民总数的9%,政府面临严峻的住宅问题。20世纪60年代初,新加坡成立了建屋发展局,专门负责建造经济适用的公共组屋。为解决广大中低收入居民的住宅问题,建屋发展局开始大规模兴建低标准、小户型住房。后来,政府又宣布实行“居者有其屋”计划,推行住房自有化政策,鼓励中低收入阶层以分期付款方式购买组屋。现在的新加坡,组屋业已成为当地住房市场的主体,87%的居民住在其中,这其中有95%的人购买了房子,其余一些收入过低的家庭则选择租赁组屋居住。目前,新加坡已拥有组屋50多万套,私人建设的共管式公寓和置地住宅20多万套,住宅总量达到70多万套,基本满足了本国国民的居住需求。
Singapore is an island nation in Southeast Asia, its land area is only more than 600 square kilometers, equivalent to a county in China. Singapore has a population of 6430 people per square kilometer, making it one of the most densely populated areas in the world. However, such a densely populated place has, for the first time in the world, fulfilled the promise of “home ownership” and realized the dream of living of the overwhelming majority of the people by the power of the government. In the early years of the founding of Singapore, most of the people lived in harsh conditions, with an average of less than one living room per household. According to official statistics, at that time, 40% of the population of 2 million live in slums or shantytowns. Only 9% of the inhabitants can live decent housing. The government is facing serious housing problems. In the early 1960s, Singapore set up the Housing and Development Board, which is responsible for the construction of affordable public housing estates. In order to solve the housing problem of the majority of low- and middle-income residents, the HDB started to build a large-scale low-standard and small-sized housing. Later, the government announced the implementation of the Home Ownership Scheme and the policy of housing self-ownership to encourage the middle and low income groups to purchase HDB units by installments. In Singapore now, HDB has become the mainstay of the local housing market, with 87% of residents living in it. 95% of these people buy their houses and the rest of the families with low incomes choose to rent flats. At present, Singapore has more than 500,000 sets of HDB estates, over 200,000 condominiums for private construction and more than 200,000 residential flats. The total number of residential flats reached more than 700,000 sets, basically satisfying the living needs of their own nationals.