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棉花育种同其他作物育种一样,都是由于生产的需要而发展起来的.古代劳动人民用无纤维或仅有短绒和少量纤维的野生棉种,经驯化、人工选择培育出现在的栽培种;把原来适应于热带、亚热带高温、短日、旱生的多年生习性,改变成适应于温带气候条件,光周期中性,甚至具有一年生的习性,从而使植棉区域扩展到了南北纬40度以上的广大地区.当前,由于人民生活水平的提高和工业生产的发展,纺纱工艺的改进和人造纤维的市场竞争,要求棉花品种不仅具有早熟,适于高肥、机械化栽培
Cotton breeding, like other crop breeding, was developed due to the needs of production, and the ancient working people cultivated the cultivars present by domesticated or artificially selected wild cotton species without fiber or only short fiber and small amount of fiber; The original adapt to the tropical and subtropical high temperatures, short-term, dry perennial habits, adapted to adapt to the temperate climatic conditions, the photoperiod neutral, or even have an annual habit, so that the cotton area expanded to more than 40 degrees north latitude At present, due to the improvement of people’s living standard and the development of industrial production, the improvement of spinning technology and the market competition of man-made fibers require that cotton varieties not only have precociousness but also are suitable for high-fat and mechanized cultivation