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低温和干燥是极地及寒温带地区动物的主要环境胁迫因子.为适应恶劣的环境,此区域的动物必须运用有效的方式来适应其栖息环境.土壤跳虫是典型的以避免体液结冰为主要策略来适应低温环境的动物类群,其抗低温的生态策略和模式与昆虫存在相似之处,表现在其利用冷驯化及与干旱协同作用,降低冰晶形成的伤害.在抗低温过程中,其体内甘油等小分子物质含量迅速增加,海藻糖、葡萄糖等分子迅速降低,低温保护蛋白——抗冻蛋白(AFP)产生,并存在脂质的相互转化,提高包膜的流动性,以保护细胞免受低温的伤害;同时也存在与其他昆虫不同的特异性策略与模式,主要包括在雪被保护下的垂直迁移行为,以及将冰核剂随蜕皮而排除体外等.这些土壤跳虫特异的抗冻模式与机制表明其低温生物学研究具有一定的科学意义.本文综述了土壤跳虫抵抗低温环境的模式、类型及机制,总结了近几年其生理生态机制研究进展,讨论了土壤跳虫抗低温研究存在的问题,并就全球变化背景下土壤跳虫低温生态研究前景进行了展望.
Low temperature and dryness are major environmental stressors for animals in polar and frigid regions To adapt to harsh environments, animals in this area must adapt their habitat in an effective manner. Soil hoppers are typically found to avoid body fluid icing as the major Strategy to adapt to low temperature environment of animal groups, its anti-low temperature ecological strategies and patterns and insects exist similarities, manifested in its use of cold acclimation and synergy with the drought, reducing the formation of ice damage.In the process of anti-low temperature, the body Glycerol and other small molecules rapidly increase the content of substances, trehalose, glucose and other molecules rapidly decreased, low-temperature protection protein - antifreeze protein (AFP) generation, and the existence of lipid mutual transformation, improve the mobility of the envelope in order to protect cells from Low temperature damage, but also different from other insects and specific strategies and patterns, including the vertical migration under the protection of the snow, as well as the ice nucleating agent with the excretion of the exclusion of the extracellular soil spring worm-specific resistance Freezing pattern and mechanism show that its low temperature biological research has certain scientific significance.This paper reviews the mode of resistance of soil spring insects to low temperature environment, And mechanisms, summarizes the research progress of their physiological and ecological mechanisms in recent years, we discussed the cold Zergling Anti soil problems, and the outlook on the ecology of soil Zergling cold prospects under global change.