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本文的目的是要提炼出历史上围绕艺术与娱乐问题所展开的争论中具有重大意义的要素,这将为当代大众媒介研究提供一个更加广泛的基础。蒙田和帕斯卡尔都把娱乐看作满足逃避内心痛苦之需要的一种手段,不同的是,前者认为这种需要应该在高雅艺术层次上得到满足;后者则认为应该拒绝这种满足以支持精神的追求。歌德进一步论述了受众的特点、大众媒介的性质、艺术标准的问题和艺术家的责任。席勒关注的中心问题是一种“道德”社会的发展。他的美学研究、他对艺术与通俗文化角色的分析,都与如何实现这样一种社会有关。在席勒看来,作为“善”的生活方式,美的体验在获得理想状态的过程中将起到核心作用。
The purpose of this article is to extract elements of great significance in the controversy surrounding art and entertainment issues in history that will provide a broader basis for contemporary mass media research. Both Montaigne and Pascal regarded entertainment as a means of satisfying the need to evade inner distress, except that the former considered that such needs should be satisfied at the level of elegant art; the latter, in the opinion of the latter, should refuse such gratification in support of Spiritual pursuit. Goethe further discusses the characteristics of the audience, the nature of the mass media, the issue of artistic standards and the responsibility of the artist. Schiller concerned about the central issue is a “moral ” social development. His aesthetic studies, his analysis of the role of art and popular culture, are all about how to achieve such a society. In Schiller’s view, as a “good” way of life, the experience of beauty will play a central role in achieving the desired state.