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杂种优势是培育高产、优质、高抗作物新品种的主要手段,而雄性不育系的选育直接决定着作物杂种优势育种的成功。利用~(60)Co-γ射线诱变首次创制出糜子(Panicum miliaceum,2n=4x=36)雄性不育突变体M207A,并对其进行了育性鉴定和初步的遗传分析,目的是利用该突变体进行糜子杂交种的选育、在糜子中实现杂种优势的利用。首先采用室内花粉镜检与田间调查相结合的方法对突变体进行了育性鉴定;将突变体与育性正常的糜子品种配组杂交获得的F1和F2群体在不同地点、不同年份、不同季节种植,对不育突变体的遗传模式进行了分析。结果表明:不育株花药褐化,无外露,花药干瘪,不育度在95%以上,不育性状稳定;利用育性正常的品种给稳定的突变体进行授粉,其结实率可达到正常水平;自交F2群体中育性分离比例为35∶1,符合单基因座位上同源四倍体基因的理论分离比,说明该突变性状是由隐性单基因控制的可遗传的“无花粉型”细胞核雄性不育。雄性不育突变材料M207A的创制,为糜子杂种优势利用奠定了材料基础。
Heterosis is the main method to breed new varieties with high yield, high quality and high resistance. The breeding of male sterile lines directly determines the success of crop heterosis breeding. The male sterile mutant M207A of Panicum miliaceum (2n = 4x = 36) was first created by ~ (60) Co-γ ray mutagenesis and its fertility identification and preliminary genetic analysis were carried out in order to utilize this Mutant selection of hybrid broomcorn millet to achieve heterosis utilization. First, the pollen microsatellite markers and the field investigation were used to identify the mutants fertility. The F1 and F2 populations obtained by crossing the mutants and normal fertile millet cultivars in different locations, different years and different seasons Planting, the genetic model of infertile mutants were analyzed. The results showed that the sterile plants had browning, no exudation, dry anthers, more than 95% sterility and stable sterility. Pollinated stable varieties with normal fertility could reach the normal seed setting rate The percentage of fertility segregation in selfing F2 population was 35: 1, which was in line with the theoretical segregation ratio of the tetraploid genes on the single locus, indicating that the trait was inherited by the recessive single gene Type "nuclear male sterile. The creation of M207A, a male sterile mutant, laid the material foundation for the utilization of heterosis.