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雷蒙·威廉斯是第二次世界大战后英国最重要的马克思主义文学理论家,其文论思想经过三个阶段的演变,最后发展为极具原创性和影响力的“文化唯物主义”。在“左派利维斯主义”阶段,威廉斯借鉴唯物主义传统中关于文化与生产之关系的论述,对流行一时的利维斯精英主义思想进行了批判。在“新左派”阶段,他在欧陆马克思主义的影响下,重新演绎了文艺理论中的反映论传统。最终,他成功地发掘出文化作为社会实践、生产过程和指意体系的重要意义,将马克思主义文学理论推进到“文化唯物主义”这一“关键时刻”。
Raymond Williams was the most important Marxist literary theorist in England after the Second World War. After three stages of evolution, his literary theory finally developed into a highly original and influential cultural materialism “. At the stage of ”Levi’s Lefts,“ Williams criticized the prevailing Lewisian elitism by referring to the discourse on the relationship between culture and production in the tradition of materialism. Under the influence of European Marxism, he reinterprets the tradition of reflectionism in literary theory at the stage of ”new left“. In the end, he succeeded in unearthing the significance of culture as a social practice, a process of production and a system of criticism, and pushed forward Marxist literary theory to the ”critical moment“ of ”cultural materialism."