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§1.引言关于课的类型问题,存在着一些不同的看法。首先,关于这个问题的本身,也就是上课有没有必要划分成各种不同的类型,看法上还不是一致的。在苏维埃教育学中,都强调着上课应成为一个严密的体系,每一节都是统一的整体,是整个上课链条中的一环,为了正确地备课和上课,教师必须研究课的整个系统,然后再详细地计划每一节课,上课的方法的许多问题的解决,有赖于上课类型问题的解决,如果不能正确地解决关于上课类型的问题,就会使上课脱离由总题目或教程的编章所联结起来的上课的体系。C.B.伊万诺夫在他的论文“课的类型和结构”中曾这样指出:“课的类型论的问题,无疑是一个现实的问题。这一问题的正确解决,无论是对于课堂教学的理论或是对于学校的实践工作,都有重大的意义。每一个教师,在掌握了课的类型论之后,就能够更成功地计划自己的课堂上的工作,更圆满地去利用各种工作方法和条件,就能够经常使自己的教学工作合理化,并经常改进这种工作。”
§ 1. Introduction There are some different opinions on the type of lesson. First of all, on the subject itself, that is, there is no need to classify it into different types. The view is not consistent. In the Soviet pedagogy, it was emphasized that class should be a tight system. Each section is a unitary whole, and it is a part of the entire school chain. In order to correctly prepare lessons and classes, teachers must study the entire system of the class. Afterwards, each lesson is planned in detail. The solution to the many problems in the method of class depends on the solution of the problem of the class type. If the problem of the type of class cannot be solved correctly, the class will be separated from the class or tutorial. The system of the classes that the chapters join together. CB Ivanov pointed out in his essay “Types and Structures of Classes”: “The problem of the type theory of classes is undoubtedly a real problem. The correct solution of this problem is to the theory of classroom teaching. Or it is of great significance to the practical work of the school.Each teacher, after he has mastered the type theory of the lesson, can more successfully plan his work in the class and more fully use various methods of work and Conditions can often rationalize their teaching work and often improve this work."