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目的了解保山市接触职业病危害因素的在岗职工职业健康状况,为制定职业病防治策略和措施提供依据。方法对2015年接触煤尘、矽尘、水泥尘、烟草尘、汽油和噪声危害因素并进行职业健康检查的3 528名在岗职工的职业健康检查资料进行统计分析。结果发现疑似职业病(均为接触粉尘危害因素)共7例(0.20%);职业禁忌证52例(1.50%),多为噪声职业禁忌证。血压异常307例(8.70%),以女性居多。高血压主要集中在20~<60岁,低血压主要集中在30~<50岁。血常规、尿常规和肝功能异常多在工龄1~<7 a和25~<30 a。肺功能检查用力肺活量实测值占预测值百分比(FVC%)异常679例(24.52%),第1秒用力呼气量实测值占预测值百分比(FEV1.0%)异常100例(3.61%),均主要集中在工龄1~<10 a人群,高千伏胸片提示尘肺样改变4例(0.14%),工龄均在5 a以上。噪声作业工人职业健康检查纯音听阈测试提示双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB的有189人(6.85%),主要集中在工龄10~<20 a人群。结论疑似职业病者均为接触粉尘者,职业禁忌证多为噪声接触者,应加强对粉尘和噪声作业工人的职业健康防护。保山市尘肺病防治的重点是非煤矿企业,需要重点防控的职业病危害因素是噪声。企业应加强防护设施和个人防护措施,做好职业健康监护相关的宣传教育。
Objective To understand the occupational health status of on-the-job workers exposed to occupational hazards in Baoshan City, and to provide basis for formulating strategies and measures for prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the occupational health check-ups of 3 528 on-job workers exposed to coal dust, silica dust, cement dust, tobacco dust, gasoline and noise and carrying out occupational health checks in 2015. As a result, 7 cases (0.20%) of suspected occupational diseases (all of them were risk factors of exposure to dust) were found; 52 cases (1.50%) of occupational contraindications were mostly noise occupational contraindications. 307 cases of abnormal blood pressure (8.70%), mostly female. Hypertension is mainly concentrated in 20 ~ <60 years of age, hypotension is mainly concentrated in 30 ~ <50 years old. Blood, urine and liver dysfunction and more in the length of service 1 ~ <7 a and 25 ~ <30 a. Six hundred and sixty-six cases (24.52%) of abnormal FVC% and 100 cases (3.61%) of the second half of predicted forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0% Both of them were mainly concentrated in the population of 1 ~ 10 years of age. High-kv chest radiographs suggested that pneumoconiosis was changed in 4 cases (0.14%) and the length of service was above 5 years. Occupational Health Examination for Noise Operators Pure tone hearing threshold test showed that there were 189 (6.85%) audiometric high-frequency average hearing threshold ≥40 dB, mainly concentrated in the population of 10 ~ 20 years of service. Conclusions Suspected occupational diseases are all those exposed to dust. Most of the occupational contraindications are noise contacts, occupational health protection should be strengthened for dust and noise workers. The focus of prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in Baoshan is non-coal mining enterprises, and the occupational hazard that needs prevention and control is noise. Enterprises should strengthen protective facilities and personal protective measures, do a good job of occupational health monitoring related publicity and education.