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目的了解克拉玛依市5岁以下儿童死亡情况,分析死亡年龄构成及主要死因顺位,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法对克拉玛依市2007-2011年全人群死因回顾性调查中,分析5岁以下儿童死亡情况。结果 2007-2011年共发生5岁以下儿童死亡110例,死亡率为10.59‰,其中婴儿死亡96例、死亡率为9.24‰,新生儿死亡60例、死亡率为5.78‰,早期新生儿死亡48例、死亡率为4.62‰;2007-2011年5岁以下儿童死亡率、婴儿的死亡率及新生儿死亡总体无明显下降趋势,5岁以下儿童死因前5位为:早产或低出生体重、其他先天异常、先天性心脏病和意外死亡(并列第三)、出生窒息、肺炎;5岁以下儿童死亡中以婴儿为主,占87.3%,新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡的62.5%,早期新生儿死亡占新生儿的80%。结论早产或低出生体重、先天性异常、出生窒息和意外死亡严重威胁克拉玛依市5岁以下儿童的健康,应加强围产期保健,提高产前检查质量及产科质量,积极开展产前筛查及产前诊断,强化新生儿窒息复苏培训等防控措施,普及儿童安全宣教,从而有效降低婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率。
Objective To understand the death of children under 5 years of age in Karamay City, analyze the composition of age of death and the order of major causes of death, and provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures. Methods In a retrospective survey of the cause of death of the entire population from 2007 to 2011 in Karamay, the deaths of children under 5 were analyzed. Results A total of 110 deaths occurred in children under 5 years of age from 2007 to 2011, with a mortality rate of 10.59%. Among them, 96 were infant deaths with a mortality rate of 9.24%, 60 neonatal deaths, with a mortality rate of 5.78% and 48% of early neonatal deaths For example, the death rate was 4.62 ‰. There was no obvious drop in the overall mortality rate of children under 5 years of age, infant mortality rate and neonatal death rate between 2007 and 2011. The top 5 death causes of children under 5 were: preterm birth or low birth weight, others Congenital anomalies, congenital heart disease and accidental death (tied for third), birth asphyxia, pneumonia; infants under 5 years of age are predominantly infants, accounting for 87.3%, neonatal deaths accounting for 62.5% of infant deaths, early neonatal deaths 80% of newborns. Conclusions Premature or low birth weight, congenital anomalies, birth asphyxia and accidental death seriously threaten the health of children under 5 years of age in Karamay. Perinatal care should be strengthened, the quality of prenatal examination and obstetrics should be improved, and antenatal screening should be actively carried out. Prenatal diagnosis, strengthening of neonatal asphyxia recovery training and other prevention and control measures, popularize child safety education so as to effectively reduce the infant and under-5 mortality.