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本文讨论了三种测定γ辐射仪自然底数的方法:水面法、铅屏法和水中法。理论及实验指出,目前国内外广泛使用的水面法和铅屏法难于获得正确的自然底数,指出了其错误之处,并给出了解决这些问题的途径。结果证明,本文提出的水中法是一种简单有效测定γ辐射仪自然底数的方法。只要水域直径在3 m以上,水深2 m,水中的放射性物质微弱,用此法可得到相当近似的自然底数。
This article discusses three methods for determining the natural base of gamma emitters: the surface method, the lead-screen method and the underwater method. Theoretical and experimental results show that it is difficult to obtain the correct natural base by the water surface method and the lead screen method widely used both at home and abroad, pointing out its mistakes and giving some solutions to these problems. The results show that the water method proposed in this paper is a simple and effective method to determine the natural base of γ-ray radiometer. As long as the diameter of the waters is more than 3 m and the depth of water is 2 m, the radioactive material in the water is weak. By this method, a fairly approximate natural base can be obtained.