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下定义说明与诠释的说明方法一直裹缠不清,困扰着我们语文教师,影响了说明文的教学。比如对初中课文《食物从何处来》中说明方法的阐释,不少材料,包括教学参考书,都认为课文对“食物”、“自养”、“异养”、“光合作用”分别下了定义。笔者认为:其认定不尽妥当。 不妨先把原文抄录如下: ①食物就是一种能够构成躯体和供应能量的物质。 ②一种叫自养。绿色植物都属于这一类。它们自己把无机物制造成有机的食物,满足生长的需要。 ③另一种叫异养。所有的动物和大部分微生物都是这一类。它们自己不能制造食物,靠植物来生活。
The description method of the definition explanation and interpretation has always been ambiguous, plagued our language teachers, and affected the teaching of explanatory texts. For example, in the interpretation of the method explained in “Where does food come from” in the junior middle school text, many materials, including teaching reference books, consider that the texts are subject to “food”, “self-support”, “heterotrophy”, and “photosynthesis” respectively. Definition. The author believes that its determination is not exhausted. You may wish to copy the original text as follows: 1 Food is a substance that can form the body and supply energy. 2 is called self-support. Green plants fall into this category. They make their own inorganic foods into organic foods to meet their growing needs. 3 Another is called heterotrophic. All animals and most microorganisms are of this class. They can’t make food themselves, rely on plants to live.